Laboratory testing services

Imaging of the sample using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX or EDS). Typically, several images are taken with varying magnifications to get a good overview of the sample. An EDX mapping, line scan, or point measurement is …

Time-of-Flight Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ToF-ERDA) is an elemental analysis technique used for quantitative analysis of solids. The method is often used for depth profiling of thin films and bulk samples. Tof-ERDA is capable of detecting all elements and …

Imaging of the sample using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Typically, several images are taken with varying magnifications to get a good overview of the sample. Non-conductive samples can be prepared with a metallic coating to allow imaging. For cross-section measurement, …

X-Ray Reflectometry (XRR) analysis is used to measure the density, thickness, and roughness of films. For film thickness measurements, the thickness should generally be below 300 nm (depending on the material) and the roughness should be low (<5 nm). If …

BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) analysis to determine the specific surface area of solid materials.

In this analysis, the surface roughness value (RMS) of the sample is determined with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The price includes three measurement points from the sample. The measurement area is 5 x 5 micrometers, if not agreed otherwise. In …

VPD ICP-MS allows the determination of trace metal contamination on the surface of wafers. The full surface of the wafer is scanned during the analysis. VPD ICP-MS is performed using acid to dissolve the top surface of the wafer before the determination of elemental concentrations …

Grazing Incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) measurement for determination of crystallographic structures, phases, and lattice parameters of crystalline thin films and surface layers. Typical Use Cases Thin film characterization in semiconductors and photovoltaics, …

Imaging of the sample with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and determination of the elemental composition of the sample using electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX or EDS). Several images with varying magnifications are taken to get a good overview of the sample. …

Ellipsometry is an optical technique that characterizes polarized light reflected from a sample's surface. It can measure the thickness or the refractive index of a layer. Do not hesitate to contact the method expert for more details.

Grazing Incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) measurement of thin films + X-ray reflectometry (XRR) analysis of thin films. Results include density (g/cm³), thickness (nm), and roughness (nm) values. For XRR, the thickness should generally be below 100 nm and …

Imaging of the sample with transmission electron microscope (TEM). Typically, several images with varying magnifications are taken to get a good overview of the sample. TEM allows nm-resolution images. Solid samples often require FIB preparation, which is not included in the price. …

N2 adsorption analysis to determine specific surface area and pore size of solid materials.

XPS is a semi-quantitative technique that allows the measurement of the elemental composition of the surface of materials. In addition, it can also determine the binding state of the atoms. XPS is a surface-sensitive technique. Typical …

In XPS depth profiling, ion gun etching cycles and XPS analysis cycles are alternated to obtain semi-quantitative information on the elemental composition (at.%) of the sample as a function of depth. The binding …

Broad Ion Beam (BIB) sample preparation enables the creation of surfaces or cross-sections that are ideal for imaging with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This method utilizes a focused, high-energy ion beam to etch or mill the sample …

Time of flight - secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a highly sensitive analytical technique that is used for elemental and molecular analysis, as well as elemental mapping of solid samples. The technique is primarily used for detailed surface analysis of …

During this analysis, the surface of a smooth and hard sample is imaged with an atomic force microscope (AFM). Topological images are provided from several locations around the sample. The measurement area is 5 x 5 micrometers, if not agreed otherwise.

Contact angle measurement is a technique used to assess the wettability of a surface by measuring the angle between a liquid droplet and the surface. This angle is influenced by the surface energy of the solid and the surface tension of the liquid. A …

This test follows the TAPPI Test Method T559. It assesses how fluorochemicals, or other surface treatment chemicals, which can make paper both resistant to oil (organophobic) and water (hydrophobic), …

XPS is a semi-quantitative technique allowing to measure the elemental composition of the surface of materials. In addition, it can also determine the binding state of the atoms. If you wish to perform this test, please ask the …

Nano Scratch Test of thin film samples. Typical measurement includes overview image of the scratch track (surface damage) and determination of critical load values.

Qualitative or comparative analysis of crystalline powders using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The analysis is only suitable for materials with at least one crystalline phase.

The Focused Ion Beam (FIB) technique is used to prepare samples for electron microscopy. It allows very precise cutting of samples to observe them by TEM or SEM imaging. The displayed price includes only the FIB preparation, but we are happy to …

The method measures the diffuse blue light reflectance factor of paper and board by the ISO 2470-1 standard. The test is limited to white and near-white samples. The measurement is used to determine the whiteness level of …

Measurement of surface profile, roughness or edge sharpness by optical profilometry.

The ISO 2471 standard is followed to determine the opacity (paper backing) of paper by diffuse reflectance. The test is suitable for papers and boards that contain fluorescent whitening agents, as long as the UV content of the radiation incident …

The most typical test methods to determine the roughness of paper or board are: - The Bendtsen method (ISO 8791-2) - For papers and boards with a Bendtsen value between 5 and 3000 ml/min. The test is not suitable for papers with high air permeability. - …

Standard ISO 22196 outlines a method for evaluating the antibacterial activity of plastics and other non-porous surfaces. The procedure involves inoculating a test sample with …

The grease resistance of paper and board is determined by establishing the time taken for a simulated “fat material” (palm kernel oil) to penetrate (break through) the sheet of paper or board. The …

Group delay dispersion (GDD) and group velocity dispersion (GVD) are critical parameters for understanding how the propagation time and speed of light pulses change with frequency or wavelength as they …

Determination of metal concentrations on ALD thin films using LA-ICP-MS. The measurement includes the analysis of the following elements: Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, …

Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) can be used to measure the composition of solid samples quantitatively at the surface as well as depth profiling. RBS is used for the analysis of heavy elements and can be combined with ToF-ERDA when lighter elements also need to be …

Determination of B and P amounts in Borophosphosilicate glass.

Determination of metal concentrations on ALD thin films using LA-ICP-MS. The standard analysis package includes the quantification of the following elements: Ca, Cr, Cu, Co, Er, Fe, Ge, Pb, Mn, Mo, Ni, K, Na, Sn, Ti, Ta, Zn, …

Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) is used to analyze the elemental composition of materials. AES is a surface-sensitive technique (3-9 nm) which is used for depth profiling, providing analysis of the elemental composition in depth. Secondary electron …

The CIE whiteness test measures the whiteness of paper or board under the CIE D65 daylight standard. The method gives the complete visible spectral range (VIS) information about whiteness, unlike the ISO ( ISO 2470 ) method, which operates only …

The method measures the coefficients of starting and sliding friction of plastic films and sheeting when sliding over the same or another material. The testing procedure is based on the ISO 8295 standard. The measurement …

This test determines the penetration of greases and oil, commonly found in foodstuffs. The test can be used to evaluate and grade the usability of greaseproof papers and vegetable …

Determination of a metal concentration on an ALD thin film using LA-ICP-MS. The measurement includes the analysis of one element, which is selected upon odering. Values will be reported in ppm (μg/g).

Automated thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (ATD-GC-MS) is a highly sensitive method for wafer surface organic contamination analysis, providing low detection limits and a wide …

The influence of factors such as temperature, chemical reactions, and radiation can turn white or colorless materials such as art equipment, paper, and paints yellow. The yellowness number indicates the change in the yellow value of a …