Laboratory testing services

Measurement of biogenic or biobased carbon in a material or product as a percentage of total carbon or total organic carbon. ASTM D6866 outlines two ways of expressing the proportion of material that originates from renewable resources. Biogenic carbon content indicates the proportion of total carbon (TC) originating from renewable resources. Alternatively, inorganic carbon can be removed before testing, and the result is then expressed in relation to total organic carbon (TOC), giving the biobased carbon content. An additional cost applies to the removal of inorganic carbon. Note! The results obtained for gaseous emissions should always be expressed as "biogenic carbon content" because the initial step of converting carbon to gaseous CO2 cannot be done when the carbon is already in gaseous form. The displayed price range applies to non-hazardous, non-volatile samples. If your sample is volatile or classified as Dangerous Goods, please discuss the suitability of your sample type with our experts. Please also note that we cannot accept samples that contain artificial carbon-12, carbon-13, or carbon-14 isotopes because they will cause damage to the equipment. ASTM D6866 tests do not directly reveal how much of the sample's total weight originates from renewable sources. This can be estimated, however, by combining data on biobased carbon content with information on the total carbon content of the product. One common application of this measurement is determining the biomass fraction of CO2 emissions for the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), as required by the Monitoring and Reporting Regulation (MRR). For this purpose, testing is relevant to municipal waste incineration plants and industrial plants that use mixed fuels.

Determination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen content of an organic sample. CHNS analysis (”LECO analysis”) is performed using a flash combustion method, where the sample is combusted under 25 kPa of O2 at an elevated temperature (1,000 °C), followed by gas chromatography separation and detection using a thermal conductivity detector. Oxygen is analyzed by reduction on granulated carbon at 1480 °C, utilizing high-temperature thermal decomposition and conversion of oxygen into carbon monoxide before gas chromatography separation and detection with a thermal conductivity detector. The sample can be either solid or liquid, but water in the sample affects the results. In the case of aqueous samples, it is possible to dry the sample before analysis. The displayed price includes the full CHNOS package with two parallel measurements and applies to conventional organic samples. The results are reported as wt-% of the initial sample. The addition of ash, drying, and dry loss measurements will increase the minimum required sample material to 300 mg. The analysis gives the total carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen content of the material, but it does not identify any chemical structures. The measurement can be combined with other methods, such as GC-MS, 1H, and 13C NMR, to perform substance structure identification. Analysis can be split into the following packages: CHN, O, and S.

Qualitative identification of chemical groups in solid samples by Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Results will be delivered as an FTIR spectrum. In addition, a comparison to an FTIR library will be provided. The method is not quantitative, but it can be used to identify the main chemical components of the sample.

This analysis provides quantitative information about the crystalline and amorphous phases within your sample using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD). A standard analysis includes: Quantification of crystalline phases as weight percentages, Quantification of the total amorphous content, High-resolution powder diffraction data and the resulting diffractogram, A comprehensive test report detailing the findings. For more advanced needs, we also offer total scattering/pair distribution function (PDF) analysis to reveal the local atomic structure in amorphous or nano-structured materials. Do not hesitate to ask for a quote.

This metal screening analysis includes the semi-quantitative determination of 70 elements. The method can be used, for example, to determine the background concentrations of metals in environmental samples or to study the elemental distribution of unknown samples. Screening is also often performed to assess which metals should be analyzed by a quantitative method. The measurement is performed using a high-resolution ICP-MS technique (ICP-SFMS), which can identify very low elemental concentrations. A semi-quantitative determination of the following elements is included: Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, I, Ir, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, Os, P, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Ru, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn and Zr. However, please note that some elements may not be determinable due to matrix interference. During this semi-quantitative analysis, the instrument is calibrated for about 30 elements. The rest of the analytes are quantified using sensitivity factors for calibrated elements with similar mass and first ionization potential, considering isotope abundances. Quantitative analysis is also available at an additional price. During this analysis, all elements are calibrated (excluding halogens and Os). Please ask for an offer for this service.

Determination of the total organic fluorine (TOF) content in combustible materials using combustion ion chromatography (CIC). By default, TOF is analyzed as total fluorine (TF). If required, total inorganic fluorine (TIF) can be measured as well, and TOF calculated as the difference between TF and TIF. TOF analysis gives information about the total amount of organic fluorinated compounds. It can also be used to evaluate the presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the material, even though individual PFAS compounds can't be analyzed with this method. The analysis is suitable for many different materials. Please describe the sample in detail when requesting an offer to help us prepare a quote quickly.

Simulated distillation (SimDist or Simdis) according to the ASTM D7169 standard helps determine the boiling point of petroleum fractions. Sample needs to be soluble to CS2. The method will provide a boiling point distribution of n-C9 to n-C100 (or up to 720 °C) as mass percent yields.

Chemical components of a solid sample material are identified using Raman spectroscopy. The analysis is suitable for inorganic and organic samples, excluding metals and alloys.

Analysis package methods: The following analyses are performed by an ISO 17025 accredited service provider: Moisture content - LOR 0.5%, Ash content @ 550 °C - LOR 0.1%, Gross Calorific Value Q(V/gr/d) - LOR 0.5 MJ/kg, Net Calorific Value Q(V/net/d) - LOR 0.5 MJ/kg, CHNOS - LOR 0.1%, Elements (ICP): As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Tl, V, Zn - LOR 0.01 - 10 mg/kg DW, Chlorine Total Cl - LOR 0.01%, Fluorine Total F - LOR 0.01%. Report: Analysis results will be reported as numerical values in respective units

Our δ13C stable isotope analysis determines the ratio of 13C to 12C in a given sample material by a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). Results are expressed in per mille (‰) as the deviation of the isotope ratio from a standard reference material. We have more than 30 IAEA, USGS, and in-house isotopic standards available to accommodate a wide range of expected ratios. The price and turnaround time displayed apply to conventional sample matrices. The analysis is suitable for a wide range of sample materials, including, but not limited to, those listed in the table below. All of our stable isotope analyses are conducted at ISO 17025-accredited facilities. Please contact us using the form below to arrange testing on your samples.

This analysis is used to determine the gross calorific value (the heating value) of a solid biofuel at constant volume and the reference temperature of 25°C in a bomb calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid. The heating value (calorific value or energy value) of fuel is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a specified amount of it. The package includes the calorimetry measurement and the measurement of C, H, and N content, which are needed to calculate the results. Please note that this method is available only for solid biofuels. If you require testing for any other material, please contact Measurlabs experts.

Measurement of the refractive index of powder samples with the Becke line microscopic method. The analysis is suitable for transparent crystalline materials with a particle size larger than 40 μm. Measurements are performed at a 589.3 nm wavelength. Refractive index values from approximately 1.40 to 1.70 are reported with a precision of up to two significant digits. Please note that the method does not directly determine the particle's absorption coefficient (imaginary value).

Measurement performed by the EN 16640 standard, using the radiocarbon method to determine the biobased carbon content of a product. The proportion of biobased carbon (also known as biogenic carbon) is expressed in relation to sample mass or the total carbon content (TC). The displayed price applies to non-volatile samples, but it may be possible to analyze volatile samples upon request. Please note that we cannot accept samples that contain artificial carbon-12, carbon-13, or carbon-14 isotopes because they will cause damage to the equipment.

Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) is an additive used in diesel-powered vehicles to help the catalytic reduction of nitrous oxides. Thus, the use of AdBlue and other exhaustive fluids improves ambient air quality. DEF testing package according to ISO 22241:2019 includes the measurements listed below: Urea content (ISO 22241-2C), Density at 20 °C (EN ISO 12185) , Refractive index at 20 °C (ISO 22241-2C), Alkalinity as NH₃ (ISO 22241-2D), Biuret (ISO 22241-2E), Aldehydes (ISO 22241-2F), Insoluble matter (ISO 22241-2G), Phosphate (ISO 22241-2H), Determination of Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ni, and Zn content (ISO 22241-2I).

Gas chromatographic hydrocarbon composition analysis according to ASTM D8519 for one-phase waste plastic pyrolysis oils to quantify the main hydrocarbon class distribution in the sample. Results are reported as tabulated mass-% values together with the relevant chromatograms.  The following groups are included in the analysis: Total aromatics (1–50 m%), Monoaromatics (1–50 m%), Diaromatics (1–15 m%), Tri-plus aromatics (0.5–5 m%), PAH (0.5–15 m%), Saturates (5–99 m%), Olefins (1–80 m%), Conjugated diolefins (0.2–5 m%), Styrenes (0.2–5 m%). The sample must have low halogen, sulfur, and oxygen content, and it must be particulate-free or easily filterable. The maximum boiling point is 545 °C, and this will be confirmed before analysis by simulated distillation (SimDist, ASTM D7169), which is included to the ASTM D8519 service. The displayed price applies to small sample sets, while large batches and recurring orders are eligible for discounts. Please request a quote from our testing experts.

Determination of elemental impurities in pyrolysis oil by microwave digestion (in-house method) followed by ICP-OES analysis according to EN ISO 11885.  The following elements are quantified after microwave digestion: Al, Ag, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, Zn, S, Si, and P. Results are reported in mg/kg. The displayed price applies to small sample sets; larger batches and recurring orders are eligible for volume discounts.

Particle size distribution (PSD) is determined from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The method is most suitable for small particles of 50 nm or smaller. Depending on particle shapes, the method includes calculating the diameters or lengths and widths of particles. In addition to size, TEM provides qualitative information about the surface morphology of the particles. TEM is a good option for irregularly shaped and non-spherical particles such as fibers, rods, and crystals that cannot be characterized meaningfully with traditional methods, including laser diffraction (LD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). As a result of the analysis, TEM images and the determined particle size distribution for diameter (or length and width) are delivered. Dry samples are suitable for TEM as is. If the particles are wet or dispersed in a solvent, the sample may be dried with a suitable sample preparation method before imaging.

This ash content test is conducted according to ASTM D482 or EN ISO 6245, and is typically used for pyrolysis oil, fuels, crude oils, lubricating oils, waxes, and related petroleum matrices where ash-forming material is considered an undesirable impurity. In the test, the sample is ignited under controlled laboratory conditions at 775 °C, and the remaining ash residue is determined gravimetrically. Results are reported as numerical values in w%, with a typical quantification limit of 0.001 w%.  Both ASTM D482 and EN ISO 6245 are generally applicable in the approximate ash range of 0.001 to 0.180 w% for petroleum products that do not contain intentional ash-forming additives; products with such additives may require a different method. Please note that the displayed price applies to small sample sets, while larger batches and recurring orders are eligible for volume-based discounts.

Analysis conducted according to EN ISO 12185 to determine the density of liquid petroleum-related samples using a laboratory density meter with an oscillating U-tube sensor. ASTM D4052 is available as an alternative method standard. The measurement is suitable for single-phase liquids in the range of 600–1100 kg/m³, including petroleum products, pyrolysis oils, diesel exhaust fluid, vegetable oils, and lubricant oils, provided the sample is liquid, particle-free, homogeneous, or easily filterable. The measurement can be conducted at different temperatures (e.g., 15, 20, or 25 °C). Gasoline and diesel fuel densities, for example, are determined at 15 °C according to the EN 228 and EN 590 standards, respectively. Results are reported as numerical density values in kg/m³ at the selected analysis temperature. To request a quote, please describe your sample matrix, required test temperature, and any applicable specification limits. The displayed price applies to small sample sets, while larger batches and recurring orders are typically eligible for discounted pricing.

Determination of total nitrogen content in pyrolysis oil and other liquid, particle-free petroleum samples by oxidative combustion and chemiluminescence detection (ASTM D5762). Results are reported in mg/kg over a measurement range of 40–5000 mg/kg, with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.5 mg/kg. Nitrogen-containing compounds affect downstream upgrading, catalyst performance, and emissions, making nitrogen content a relevant parameter for both process development and quality control. The displayed price applies to small sample sets. Please specify the number of samples when requesting a quote, as volume discounts are available for larger batches.

Determination of total chemically bound oxygen in pyrolysis oil, gasoline, and other petroleum products. The analysis is conducted using a reductive pyrolysis method specified in the ASTM D5622 standard, and the results are reported as the mass percent (%) of oxygen in the sample. Typical applications of the test include refinery and terminal quality control, oxygenate blending verification, and regulatory compliance testing. Applicable limits include 2.7–3.7% (m/m) under EN 228 and 2.0–2.7 wt% under US EPA requirements. The displayed price applies to small sample sets, while larger batches and recurring orders are eligible for discounted pricing. Please request an offer from our experts using the form below.

Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive chemical analysis technique used for the identification of chemical components in a sample. This analysis is suitable for inorganic and organic liquid samples.

Karl Fischer titration is a classic titration method in chemical analysis that uses coulometric or volumetric titration to determine trace amounts of water in a sample. This analysis is conducted according to ASTM D6304, EN ISO 12937, or DIN 51777 Verfahren A, with the method selected based on sample suitability. Results are reported as numerical values in mg/kg. The test is best suited for petroleum products and pyrolysis oils with a final boiling point below 390 °C, although samples with a higher boiling point can also be analyzed. Please note that aldehydes and/or ketones in the sample may cause interferences in the KF titration. If the sample material includes these substances, please notify us upon requesting an offer.

Standard EN 590 outlines the testing requirements and methods for diesel fuel quality testing. The following tests are included in the package: Standard Parameter Requirements EN 5165 Cetane number Min. 51 EN ISO 4264 Cetane index Min. 46 EN ISO 12185 Density at 15 °C 820 - 845 kg/m3 EN 12916 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) Max. 8 m% EN ISO 20846 Sulfur content Max. 10 mg/kg EN 16576 Manganese content Max. 2.0 mg/l EN ISO 2719 Flashpoint Min 55 °C EN ISO 10370 Carbon residue Max. 0.30 m% EN ISO 6245 Ash content Max. 0.010 m% EN ISO 12937 Water content Max. 200 mg/kg EN 12662 Total contamination Max. 24 mg/kg EN ISO 2160 Copper corrosion Class 1 EN 14078 FAME content Max. 7.0 v% EN ISO 12205 Oxidation stability Max. 25 g/m3/min. 20 h EN ISO 12156-1 Lubricity at 60 °C Max. 460 µm EN ISO 3104 Viscosity at 40 °C 2000 - 4500 mm2/s ISO 3405 Distillation characteristics E250 max 65 v%, E350 min. 85 v%, T95 360 °C EN 116 Cold filter plugging point Different grades* EN ISO 23015 Cloud point Different classes** * Temperate climates: Grade A: max. +5 °C, B: max. 0 °C, C: max. -5 °C, D: max. -10 °C, E: max. -15 °C, and F: max. -20 °C. Arctic or severe winter climates: Class 0: max. -20 °C, 1: max. -26 °C, 2: max. -32 °C, 3: max. -38 °C, and 4: max. -44 °C. ** Arctic or severe winter climates: Class 0: max. -10 °C, 1: max. -16 °C, 2: max. -22 °C, 3: max. -28 °C, and 4: max. -34 °C. For individual tests and their prices, please contact us through the form below.

The biobased carbon content of plastic products measured as a fraction of the total carbon (TC) in the material. The price is for non-volatile samples. If your sample is volatile, please discuss the suitability of your sample type with our experts. Please also note that we cannot accept samples that contain artificial carbon-12, carbon-13, or carbon-14 isotopes because they will cause damage to the equipment.

Bulk density of solid biofuels, such as biochar or wood pellets. The default method is ISO 17828, but DIN 51705 can be followed upon request. The ISO method has two standard measuring containers with a volume of 5 l or 50 l, depending on the particle size of the material: small (<12 mm) with 5L volume and larger with 50L container. The test portion volume must exceed the volume of the measuring container by at least 30%.

Volumetric (static) or dynamic (pulse) chemisorption analysis by CO or H2. The method is mainly used to determine catalyst activity and active sites. When coupled with TPX (temperature programmed experiments, TPO, TPR, TPD), this method can give information about adsorbed species and surface species. Chemisorption can also be conducted with other reactive gases, please contact us for more information.

Determination of gross and net calorific value in pyrolysis oil, petroleum products, and related combustible materials by bomb calorimetry according to ASTM D240, ASTM D4809, or EN ISO 18125. The sample is combusted in a calibrated bomb calorimeter, and the calorific value is calculated from the measured temperature rise. Results are reported in kJ/kg. The price includes the determination of all parameters required for gross and net calorific value calculation: C/H/N (DIN 51732 or ASTM D5291), S (ASTM D4239), ash at 815 °C (DIN 51719), moisture (DIN 51718), and calculated O content. Please disclose the number of samples when requesting an offer, as large batches and recurring orders are eligible for volume discounts.

Determination of the hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) content of natural gas or biogas samples. The analysis is conducted with µGC-µTCD equipment. Please contact Measurlabs experts to check the suitability of other sample vessels for the analysis.

In this pour point analysis for pyrolysis oils and other petroleum products, the sample is cooled under controlled conditions and inspected at defined temperature intervals to determine the lowest temperature (in °C) at which it still flows. The pour point is an important parameter for low-temperature handling and storage performance. The appropriate method (ASTM D97 or EN ISO 3106) is selected based on sample properties, with ranges of −90 to 50 °C. The displayed price applies to small sample sets; larger batches and recurring orders are typically eligible for volume discounts.

Effective utilization of pyrolysis oil as a replacement for fossil fuels or as feedstock for recycled plastic requires it to meet certain quality specifications. This basic analysis package includes the determination of the following pyrolysis oil quality parameters: Density at 20 °C – ISO 12185, Kinematic viscosity at 20 °C – ASTM D7042, Kinematic viscosity at 80 °C – ASTM D7042, Calorific value, upper & lower – DIN 51900-1 (mod.), Acid value – EN 12634, Ash content (775 °C) – ISO 6245, Sulfur content – ASTM D4239, Sediment content – ISO 3735, Water content – ISO 3733. In addition to the listed properties, Measurlabs can provide multiple other analyses for pyrolysis oil products. Contact us for additional information.

Determination of total acid number in pyrolysis oil, petroleum products, lubricants, oils, and related liquid samples according to ASTM D664. The sample is dissolved in a toluene/isopropyl alcohol solvent mixture, and acidic constituents are titrated potentiometrically with alcoholic base to the inflection point. Results are reported in mg KOH/g. The method requires the sample to be acidic or neutral and readily soluble in the solvent mixture. For samples better suited to alternative techniques, ISO 660 or EN 12634 can also be selected. One common application of TAN testing (together with other relevant parameters such as halogen content) is assessing pyrolysis oil quality and suitability for downstream processing, as high acidity can cause corrosion and limit storage stability. The displayed price applies to small sample sets. Larger batches and recurring orders are typically eligible for volume discounts.

Determination of total halogen content (F, Cl, Br) in aromatic hydrocarbon matrices such as pyrolysis oil and other petroleum products, where halogen impurities can affect catalyst performance, corrosion risk, and downstream processing. Testing is conducted according to EN 15408, or DIN 51727, with the most suitable method selected based on the sample matrix and expected concentration levels. All methods are based on oxygen combustion followed by detection using ion chromatography or other suitable analytical techniques. The typical reporting range is between 10 and 2000 mg/kg per element. The displayed price applies to small sample sets. Please specify the number of samples when requesting a quote, as volume discounts are available for larger batches.

Thermogravimetric proximate analysis of biochar or biocoke samples using TGA in accordance with ASTM D7582. Testing is commonly required when biochar is used to replace fossil coal as a fuel or reducing agent, for example in steel or iron production. The analysis determines the following basic quality parameters: Moisture content , Ash content, Volatile matter content, Fixed carbon content. Results for parameters other than moisture are reported as percentages (%) on a dry matter basis. Moisture content is typically measured at 120 °C, and ash and volatiles content at 950 °C, but these temperatures can be adjusted if required. Upon request, equivalent furnace-based methods (DIN 51719, DIN 51720, and DIN 51734, or EN ISO 18123 and EN ISO 18122) can be used to determine the same parameters. In addition to this basic analysis package, we offer a broad range of additional biochar analyses, including calorific value, biobased carbon content (ASTM D6866), bulk chemical composition (CHNOS), physical characterization, elemental impurity, and organic contaminant analyses (PAHs, dioxins and furans, etc.). Contact us for more information.

The bromine index indicates the amount of bromine-reactive unsaturated compounds in petroleum products and is used as a measure of olefinic reactivity and product stability. This analysis is primarily intended for pyrolysis oils and is performed according to DIN 51774-1, which determines bromine-reactive content by titrimetric measurement.  Results are reported in g/100 g. Samples must be liquid, homogeneous and particle-free, or easily filterable. The displayed price applies to small sample sets; larger batches and recurring orders are typically eligible for volume discounts.

CHN analysis for the determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in pyrolysis oil, petroleum products, lubricants, and related liquid or solid organic sample matrices. Testing is conducted according to the ASTM D5291 standard. A weighed test portion is introduced into an elemental analyzer and converted by high-temperature combustion to measurable gaseous products, which are then quantified instrumentally to calculate the CHN content. Results are reported in m/m%. The displayed price applies to small sample sets, while larger batches and recurring orders are typically eligible for discounts. Please request a quote from our testing experts using the form below.

Measurement of carbonyl content in pyrolysis oils and other thermochemically derived liquid biomass products. Elevated carbonyl levels can cause instability during storage and processing, making this measurement relevant for quality control and feedstock assessment. The analysis is performed according to the ASTM E3146 method, in which carbonyl compounds react by oximation and are quantified by potentiometric titration. Results are reported in mol/kg. The displayed price applies to small sample sets, while large batches and recurring orders are eligible for discounts. Please request a quote from our testing experts using the form below.

Assessment of corrosiveness of pyrolysis oil and petroleum products according to ASTM D130. In the test, a freshly polished copper strip is immersed in the sample under specified time and temperature conditions, then compared visually against the ASTM copper strip corrosion reference standard. Results are reported as classification ranges from 1a to 4c, where lower classes indicate little or no tarnish and higher classes indicate increasing corrosiveness. The test provides relative information on the copper corrosiveness of sulfur compounds that remain in the product after the refining process. Please note that the results may not correlate with total sulfur content. The displayed price applies to small sample sets; larger batches and recurring orders are eligible for volume discounts.

Diene value analysis for pyrolysis oil to determine the concentration of reactive diene compounds that can accelerate polymerization and gum formation, affecting product stability and downstream process performance. The analysis is performed in accordance with the UOP 326 standard, which is widely applied to diene value determination in petroleum- and pyrolysis-derived oil matrices. The sample is reacted with maleic anhydride, and the diene content is determined by back-titration of the unreacted anhydride. Results are reported in g/100 g. Typical applications include process control, feedstock qualification, and specification setting prior to hydrotreatment, blending, or other upgrading steps. The results can also be used to compare pyrolysis conditions and monitor batch-to-batch variation. The displayed price applies to small sample sets. Please specify the number of samples when requesting a quote, as volume discounts are available for larger batches.

Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid generates sufficient vapour to ignite under defined test conditions. It is widely used in hazard communication frameworks because regulatory classification of flammable liquids is based on measured flash point thresholds. Measurlabs offers flash point testing for pyrolysis oil and other petroleum products according to ASTM D93 or EN ISO 3679, depending on the expected flash point of the sample. The application range of ASTM D93 is approximately 40 to 300 °C, while EN ISO 3679 covers approximately -25 to 130 °C.  ASTM D93 is a Pensky-Martens closed cup method commonly used for petroleum products and other liquids, while EN ISO 3679 is a closed cup rapid equilibrium procedure suited to lower flash point materials. Results are reported as a numerical flash point value in °C. To request an offer, please disclose the precise sample matrix and the expected flash point range to enable standard selection. The displayed price applies to small sample sets; larger batches and recurring orders are eligible for discounted pricing.

Standard EN 228 outlines the testing requirements and methods for gasoline quality testing. The following tests are included in the package: Standard Parameter Requirements EN ISO 5164 RON Min. 95 EN ISO 5163 MON Min. 85 EN 237 Lead content Max. 5 mg/l EN ISO 12185 Density at 15 °C 720–775 kg/m3 EN ISO 20846 Sulfur content Max. 10 mg/kg EN 16136 Manganese content Max. 2 mg/l EN ISO 7536 Oxidation stability Min. 360 minutes EN ISO 6246 Washed gum content Max. 5 mg/100ml EN ISO 2160 Copper corrosion Class 1 ASTM D4176 Appearance Bright and clear EN ISO 22854 Hydrocarbon composition Benzene max. 1 v%, aromatics max. 35 v%, olefins max. 18 v%, oxygenates* EN 13016-1 Vapor pressure at 37.8 °C (DVPE) Depends on volatility class** EN ISO 3405 Distillation characteristics Final boiling point max. 210 °C, distillation residue max. 2 v%, evaporated volumes*** * For gasoline with max. 3.7 m% of oxygen, allowed oxygenate contents are methanol 3 v%, ethanol 10 v%, iso-propanol 12 v%, iso-butanol 15 v%, tert-butanol 15 v%, ethers with five or more carbon atoms 22 v%, and other oxygenates 15 v%. For gasoline with max. 2.7 m% of oxygen, allowed oxygenate contents are methanol 3 v% and ethanol 5 v%. ** For volatility class A: 45–60 kPa, B: 45–70 kPa, C: 50–80 kPa, D: 60–90 kPa, E: 65–95 kPa, and F: 70–100 kPa *** Percentage evaporated at 70 °C (E70): winter 22–50 v%, summer 22–48 v%, at 100 °C (E100): 46–71 v%, and at 150 °C (E150): min. 75 v%

Measurement of mercury in pyrolysis oil, crude oil, and other petroleum products according to ASTM D7623. In the test, the sample is thermally decomposed by combustion at approximately 700 °C; mercury is selectively trapped on a gold amalgamator and quantified by cold vapor atomic absorption. Samples must be acidic or neutral; basic samples cannot be analyzed. Results are reported in µg/kg, with a typical LOQ range of 20-400 µg/kg, depending on the sample matrix. The displayed price applies to small sample sets. Larger batches and recurring orders are eligible for discounted pricing, so please disclose the number of samples upon requesting an offer.

Trace elemental analysis of biochar or biocoke, covering the following elements: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn. The measurement can be conducted in accordance with DIN 22022-1 or ISO 16968. The available digestion methods are HNO3, HCl, and HF with microwave digestion. The European Biochar Certification (EBC) recommends microwave-assisted digestion for biochar samples.

Analysis of gaseous samples using Raman spectroscopy.

Quantification of total sulfur in liquid fuels and oils in accordance with ASTM D5453 or ASTM D2622. The method is selected based on the expected sulfur level: ASTM D5453 is applied to samples with low to moderate sulfur levels and has a limit of quantification of 0.5 mg/kg., ASTM D2622 is used for samples with higher sulfur concentrations and has a limit of quantification of 3 mg/kg.. Samples must be liquid, homogeneous and particle-free, or easily filterable. Results are reported in mg/kg or mg/l. Sulfur testing is commonly performed to verify conformity with environmental fuel specifications, such as the 10 mg/kg limit for petrol and diesel under Directive 2009/30/EC. Please note that the displayed price applies to small sample sets; larger batches and recurring orders are generally eligible for volume discounts.

Quantification of total fluorine in gas samples by in-house IC method. All fluorine species, including covalently bound organofluorine, are converted to fluoride prior to measurement. The method supports emissions monitoring and PFAS screening workflows based on a sum-parameter total-fluorine approach. Results are reported in mg/Nm³. Gas samples must be collected in 2 L multifoil bags, and a safety data sheet must be provided with the shipment. Prompt delivery after sampling is recommended, as some analytes may escape the sampling vessel.

Determination of kinematic viscosity in accordance with the ASTM D7042 method, in which dynamic viscosity and density are measured simultaneously using an oscillating piston viscometer, after which kinematic viscosity is calculated from the two values. For samples better suited to capillary-based measurement, EN ISO 3104 can be followed instead. The analysis is suitable for fuels, lubricants, base oils, hydraulic fluids, and related liquid products, and the analysis temperature can be selected between 20 and 80 °C. Results are reported in mm²/s. To request an offer, please describe the sample matrix, expected viscosity range, and required test temperature. The displayed price applies to small sample sets; larger batches and recurring orders are eligible for volume discounts.