Laboratory testing services

Measurement of biogenic or biobased carbon in the material or product as a percent of the total carbon or total organic carbon in the product. ASTM D6866 outlines two ways of expressing the proportion of material that originates from renewable resources. Biogenic carbon content indicates the proportion of total carbon (TC) originating from renewable resources. Alternatively, inorganic carbon can be removed before testing, and the result is then expressed in relation to total organic carbon (TOC), giving the biobased carbon content. An additional cost applies to the removal of inorganic carbon. The price is for non-volatile samples. If your sample is volatile, please discuss the suitability of your sample type with our experts. Please also note that we cannot accept samples that contain artificial carbon-12, carbon-13, or carbon-14 isotopes because they will cause damage to the equipment. Note! The results obtained for gaseous emissions should always be expressed as "biogenic carbon content" because the initial step of converting carbon to gaseous CO2 cannot be done when the carbon is already in gaseous form. Biobased carbon content determination by ASTM D6866 does not reveal how much of the sample's total weight originates from renewable sources. This can be estimated, however, by combining data on biobased carbon content with information on the total carbon content of the product. Biobased content measurement by EN 16785-1 may also be considered as an alternative.

Determination of the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) according to the ASTM F1249 standard. WVTR describes the amount of water vapor that passes through a material over a set period. It is an important quality indicator in food and cosmetics packaging, as an effective moisture barrier is critical to keeping products fresh and preventing spoilage. In this WVTR test, two samples per material are measured simultaneously to ensure the reliability of the measurement. The results are expressed as g/m²/day. Please disclose the desired temperature (from 18 to 40°C) and the desired relative humidity (from 20% to 100%) when placing the order. This measurement is applicable for plastic films and sheeting materials with WVTR values between 0.005 and 2400 g/m²/day. If you wish to test finished packaging instead, check out the WVTR measurement for packages.

Determination of the oxygen transmission rate of plastic films and sheet-like materials. The test is performed on two parallel samples simultaneously. Measurement conditions (temperature and relative humidity) can be chosen according to the intended use of the material. Oxygen permeability is typically measured at 23 °C and 0% relative humidity as per standard ASTM D3985. In moist conditions, for example at 38 °C and 90% relative humidity, standard ASTM F1927 is used. Please disclose the desired temperature (from 10 °C to 38 °C) and relative humidity (either 0% or from 20% to 90%) upon ordering. This measurement is suitable for plastic films with OTR values between 0.05 to 20 000 cm³/(m² * day).

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is used to determine transition temperatures and enthalpy changes of solid and liquid samples under controlled temperature changes. The analysis can be used to determine the melting, crystallization, and glass transition temperatures and their enthalpies, the material's amorphic and crystalline behavior, hardening and specific heat, material compatibility, and the effect of additives. The temperature range for the measurement is -170 °C to 600 °C, available atmospheres are N₂ and O₂. Please disclose the desired temperature program upon ordering: heating rate(s) (K/min), isotherms, and temperature ranges (min/max). If you have any doubts about these parameters, we are more than happy to help.

Determination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen content of an organic sample. CHNS analysis (”LECO analysis”) is performed using a flash combustion method, where the sample is combusted under 25 kPa of O2 at an elevated temperature (1000 °C), followed by gas chromatography separation and detection using a thermal conductivity detector. Oxygen is analyzed by reduction on granulated carbon at 1480 °C, utilizing high-temperature thermal decomposition and conversion of oxygen into carbon monoxide before gas chromatography separation and detection with a thermal conductivity detector. The sample can be either solid or liquid, but water in the sample affects the results. In the case of aqueous samples, it is possible to dry the sample before analysis. The price includes two parallel measurements. The results are reported as wt-% of the initial sample. The ash, drying and dry loss measurements will increase the minimum required sample material need to 300 mg. The analysis gives the total carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen content of the material, but it does not identify any chemical structures. The measurement can be combined with other methods, such as GC-MS, 1H, and 13C NMR, to perform substance structure identification. Possible element packages: O, CHNS, and CHNOS.

Qualitative identification of chemical groups in solid samples by Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Results will be delivered as an FTIR spectrum. In addition, a comparison to an FTIR library will be provided. The method is not quantitative, but it can be used to identify the main chemical components of the sample.

XRF is a quantitative and qualitative method that can be used to analyze solid and liquid materials. This method is intended for a standard screening of homogeneous materials that do not require special sample preparation, precautions, or have any other special requirements. Wavelength-dispersive XRF (WDXRF) is used to perform the measurements unless energy-dispersive XRF (EDXRF) is specifically requested.

Imaging of the sample using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX or EDS). Typically, several images are taken with varying magnifications to get a good overview of the sample. An EDX mapping, line scan, or point measurement is collected to measure the sample composition (elemental at.% or wt.%). Non-conductive samples can be prepared with a metallic coating. For cross-section measurement, additional preparation might be needed: FIB, BIB, or freeze fracturing.

Determination of microplastics in wastewater using Raman spectroscopy. The results of the analysis will specify different types of polymers by size, for example, 1–50 µm, 50–100 µm, 100–500 µm, and >500 µm. This analysis is suitable for typical wastewater samples. Please note that natural waters are handled as wastewater due to the possible presence of solid particles in the samples. For special water matrices (process water, industrial water, etc.), please contact us before ordering.

Imaging of the sample using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Typically, several images are taken with varying magnifications to get a good overview of the sample. Non-conductive samples can be prepared with a metallic coating to allow imaging. For cross-section measurement, additional preparation might be needed: FIB, BIB or freeze fracturing. If compositional analysis is also needed, please see the SEM-EDX measurement.

1H NMR spectroscopic measurement for samples that can be readily dissolved in deuterated solvents. The price includes sample preparation, deuterated solvent (D₂O, DMSO-d, or CDCl₃), NMR tube, measurement, and basic data processing. The processed spectrum is delivered as an image file. Additional information and raw data can be provided upon request. Please contact Measurlabs' experts if your samples require the use of other than above mentioned deuterated solvent or special measurement conditions, such as very high temperatures or long measurement times.

X-Ray Reflectometry (XRR) analysis is used to measure the density (g/cm3), thickness (nm), and roughness (nm) of thin films. The method is applicable to the characterization of single- or multilayered thin films, as it provides information on the thickness and density of individual layers of the sample material as well as the roughness of the interphases. Greatest accuracy for XRR thickness measurements is generally achieved for samples containing 1-150 nm thick surface layers with under 5 nm RMS roughness. Thicker films and coatings with rougher surfaces can also be characterized, but the accuracy of thickness determination decreases as the thickness and roughness of the film or film stack increase. >150 mm wafers are typically cut to fit the sample holder. Please let us know if you need testing for larger wafers that cannot be cut into pieces. The available temperature range for XRR measurements is 25-1100 °C, and crystallinity can be studied as a function of temperature. The measurements can be performed under a normal atmosphere, inert gas, or vacuum. Measurements are typically performed using one of the following instruments: Rigaku SmartLab, Panalytical X'Pert Pro MRD, Bruker D8 Discover. Please let us know if you have a preference for a specific instrument.

Determination of microplastic content in clean water samples with vibrational spectroscopy methods. The analytical report will list different types of polymers detected and their distribution by size (1 μm to 5 000 µm with µRaman and 10 µm to 5 000 µm with µFTIR). There are two options for how the analysis can be conducted: Acrredited analysis with µFTIR microscopy according to ISO/DIS 16094-2, Accredited in-house Raman microscopy method. Please let us know the preferred approach when requesting an offer or placing an order. The displayed price applies to clean drinking water or even purer grades of water only, as it does not include digestion pre-treatment. Please note that natural waters are handled as wastewater due to the possible presence of solid particles. Our experts are happy to provide a quote for the analysis of other matrices.

Phthalates are a group of chemicals widely used as plasticizers, which make plastics more flexible and durable. They have also been used as additives in products such as cosmetics and personal care items. Several phthalates have been identified as endocrine-disrupting agents or as chemicals toxic to reproduction. Exposure to phthalates can occur through: Oral exposure Food: Exposure occurs via migration from food packaging., Children's toys: Children often put toys in their mouths.., Inhalation: Breathing in dust from vinyl flooring or fragrances (like perfumes) can cause exposure to phthalates via inhalation., Skin contact: Phthalates present in cosmetics, lotions, and soaps can be absorbed through the skin.. For other listed matrices apart from cosmetics, the analysis package covers the following substances included in the REACH Authorization List: Substance Abbreviation CAS number Diisobutyl phthalate DIBP 84-69-5 Dibutyl phthalate DBP 84-74-2 Benzyl butyl phthalate BBP 85-68-7 Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP 117-81-7 Di(n-octyl) phthalate DNOP 117-84-0 Diisononyl phthalate DINP 68515-48-0 Diisodecyl phthalate DIDP 26761-40-0 Products that contain restricted phthalates in concentrations higher than 0.1% may be removed from the market. The analysis package for cosmetic products contains the following phthalates: Substance Abbreviation CAS number Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP 117-81-7 Benzyl butyl phthalate BBP 85-68-7 Dibutyl phthalate DBP 84-74-2 Diisononyl phthalate DINP 68515-48-0 Di(n-octyl) phthalate DNOP 117-84-0 Diisodecyl phthalate DIDP 26761-40-0 All the above-mentioned substances are prohibited in cosmetic products (Annex II of Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009).

Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy measurement for samples that can be dissolved in deuterated solvents. The price includes sample preparation, deuterated solvent (D₂O, DMSO-d, or CDCl₃), NMR tube, measurement, and basic data processing. The results are delivered as an image file containing the NMR spectrum. Additional information and raw data can be provided upon request. Please contact our experts if your samples require the use of other than the above-mentioned deuterated solvents or atypical measurement conditions, such as very high temperatures and/or long measurement times.

Determination of the total organic fluorine (TOF) content in combustible materials by combustion ion chromatography (CIC). TOF analysis gives information about the total amount of organic fluorinated compounds. It can also be used to evaluate the presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the material, even though individual PFAS compounds can't be analyzed with this method. The analysis is suitable for many different materials. Please describe the sample in detail when requesting an offer to help us prepare a quote quickly.

This metal screening analysis includes the semi-quantitative determination of 70 elements. The method can be used, for example, to determine the background concentrations of metals in environmental samples or to study the elemental distribution of unknown samples. Screening is also often performed to assess which metals should be analyzed by a quantitative method. The measurement is performed using a high-resolution ICP-MS technique (ICP-SFMS), which can identify very low elemental concentrations. A semi-quantitative determination of the following elements is included: Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, I, Ir, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, Os, P, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Ru, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn and Zr. However, please note that some elements may not be determinable due to matrix interference. During this semi-quantitative analysis, the instrument is calibrated for about 30 elements and the rest of the analytes are quantified using sensitivity factors for calibrated elements with similar mass and first ionization potential considering isotope abundances. Quantitative analysis is also available at an additional price. During this analysis, all elements are calibrated (excluding halogens and Os). Please ask for an offer for this service.

Determination of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) with polyolefin oligomeric saturated hydrocarbons (POSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in various matrices, including: Food contact materials (e.g., paper, board, plastics, rubber), Printing inks (incl. carbon black), Cosmetic products and raw materials, Lubricating oils and greases, white oils. The results are reported as the concentrations of fractions of MOSH/POSH and MOAH, with grouping based on the number of carbon atoms in the substances. The reported fractions are listed in the table below: MOSH/POSH (C10-C50), total MOAH (C10-C50), total MOSH/POSH (≥C10-≤C16) MOAH (≥C10-≤C16) MOSH/POSH (>C16-≤C20) MOAH (>C16-≤C25) MOSH/POSH (>C20-≤C25) MOAH (>C25-≤C35) MOSH/POSH (>C25-≤C35) MOAH (>C35-≤C50) MOSH/POSH (>C35-≤C40) MOSH/POSH (>C40-≤C50) In case the sample contains high amounts of MOSH, POSH, or poly alpha olefins (PAO), the levels should be indicated before shipping samples. Moreover, the LOQ is higher for samples with high MOSH, POSH, or PAO content due to dilution. Additionally, the safety data sheets (SDS) should be supplied with the samples when available.

This test is designed to measure the oxygen transmission rate of finished packages, including cups, bottles, trays, and containers. Two replica measurements are included in the displayed price. Temperature can be adjusted from 15 to 55 °C, and relative humidity can be either 0% or between 5 and 90% RH. This test is not suitable for films. Please see the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of films and sheeting if you need testing for film samples. Please specify the sample dimensions and testing conditions upon ordering.

In XPS depth profiling, ion gun etching cycles and XPS analysis cycles are alternated to obtain semi-quantitative information on the elemental composition (at.%) of the sample as a function of depth. The binding states of atoms can also be analyzed as a function of depth to determine the chemistry of the sample and its variations with depth. XPS depth profiling is a destructive technique with an analysis area diameter ranging from 10 µm to several 100 µm. Sputtering is done with an Ar-cluster GCIB ion beam or Ar monoatomic ions, and XPS measurements are typically performed using one of the following instruments: PHI Genesis, Thermo Fisher ESCALAB 250Xi, PHI Quantum 2000.

Determination of total fluorine (F) content in plastic according to the EN 15408 mod. method. The fluorine content of the sample is obtained using oxygen bomb combustion treatment followed by ion chromatography (IC). Possible sample preparation, such as grinding into smaller particles, is available at an extra cost. This method can also be used to determine the total content of S, Cl, and Br. The results will be reported in mg/kg.

Determination of total organic fluorine (TOF) in paper, polymers, and textiles TOF analysis gives information about the total amount of organic fluorinated compounds. It can also be used to evaluate the overall presence or absence of PFAS compounds even though this method cannot identify individual PFAS. Do not hesitate to contact us for more information and a quote for your sample batch.

XPS is a semi-quantitative technique used to measure the elemental composition of material surfaces. In addition, it can also determine the binding state of the atoms. XPS is a surface-sensitive technique. Typical probing depth is 3-9 nm, and detection limits range roughly between 0.1 and 1 atomic %. XPS can measure elements from Li to U. The elemental composition is reported in at.% and measured on 1 area of a few 100 µm. Upon request, we can measure smaller areas or depth profiles, and a binding state determination can also be provided. Measurements are typically performed using one of the following instruments: PHI Genesis, Thermo Fisher ESCALAB 250Xi, PHI Quantum 2000. Synchrotron XPS is also available. Contact us for more information and a quote for your project.

Measurement to determine ten common plastic types (PE, PP, PS, ABS, PVC, PET, PC, PMMA, PA6, PA66) with pyrolysis-GC/MS. In the method, microplastics are separated from the sample and reported in µg/l of individual polymer types and as a sum of all particles. Rubber particles (BR, NR, SBR) can be added to the analysis at an extra cost. This product is suitable only for clean water samples. If you need testing for other sample types, see microplastics in typical wastewater samples and soil, sediment, or sludge.

The impact strength of rigid plastics can be measured with the Charpy and Izod methods. In these tests, a pendulum is used to break the sample specimen. 10 specimens are needed for both tests. This measurement covers impact testing with either Charpy (ISO 179) or Izod (ISO 180). Please specify the preferred method upon ordering. The most significant difference between the Charpy and Izod methods is the placement of the specimen. In the Izod test, it is placed vertically and the notch is on the pendulum's side, while the Charpy test specimen is horizontal and the notch is on the opposite side of the pendulum. Testing can also be performed without a notch. Sample preparation can be purchased separately.

The measurement determines ten common plastic types (PE, PP, PS, ABS, PVC, PET, PC, PMMA, PA6, PA66) with pyrolysis-GC/MS. In the method, microplastics are separated from the sample and reported in µg/l of individual polymer types and as a sum of all particles. An additional analysis of rubber particles (BR, NR, SBR) can be performed at an extra cost. This product is suitable for typical turbid water samples and wastewater samples only. We also offer microplastics analysis of clean water and sediment, soil, or sludge.

Determination of selected PFAS compounds using the LC-MS technique. The analysis package includes the determination of 32 substances including Perfluorooctane sulphonic acid (PFOS), Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and Perfluorhexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), the use of which is prohibited under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. The following 32 substances are included in the PFAS analysis package: Substance Abbreviation Perfluorodecanesulfonic acid PFDS 10:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid 10:2 FTS 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid 4:2 FTS 6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid 6:2FTS (H4PFOS) 8:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid 8:2 FTS ADONA F-53 B major F-53 B minor HFPO-DA (GenX) Perfluorheptanoic acid PFHpA Perfluorhexanesulfonic acid PFHxS Perfluoro-3,7-dimethyloctane acid PF-3,7-DMOA Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid PFBS Perfluorobutanoic acid PFBA Perfluorodecanoic acid PFDA Perfluorododecane sulfonic acid PFDoDS Perfluorododecanoic acid PFDoDA Perfluoroheptane sulphonate PFHpS Perfluorohexadecanic acid PFHxDA Perfluorohexanoic acid PFHxA Perfluorononanesulfonic acid PFNS Perfluorononanoic acid PFNA Perfluorooctadecanic acid PFODA Perfluorooctane sulphonic acid PFOS Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA Perfluoropentane acid PFPeA Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid PFPS Perfluorotetradecanoic acid PFTeDA Perfluorotridecane acid PFTrDA Perfluorotridecane sulfonic acid PFTrDS Perfluoroundecane sulfonic acid PFUnDS Perfluoroundecanoic acid PFUnDA In addition, the following results will be reported: Sum PFOS / PFOA / PFNA / PFHxS excl. LOQ. The results of the analysis will be reported in µg/kg. Another popular PFAS testing strategy is the total organic fluorine (TOF) analysis, which measures the total amount of organic fluorinated compounds as a proxy for PFAS. Ask the method expert for more information.

The measurement is performed using a high-resolution ICP-MS technique (ICP-SFMS), which can identify very low elemental concentrations. The measurement includes only the selected element or elements from the list below: Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, Ir, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Ru, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn, and Zr. NOTE: The price is applicable for the first measured element. The price for extra elements from the same sample is 40 €/element.

Determination of the flexural properties of rigid and semi-rigid plastics and composite materials using 3-point bending tests according to the ISO 178 standard. Results include the following parameters: Conventional deflection, Flexural modulus, Flexural strength at conventional deflection, Flexural strength, Flexural strength at break, Bending at conventional deflection, Bending at break. The displayed price covers testing at room temperature. Other temperature programs are available for an extra charge.

This test is used to determine the compression properties of rigid and semi-rigid plastics according to the ISO 604 standard. A range of test speeds and specimen dimensions are included in the standard method. For comparative results, these parameters must be chosen carefully. Testing is typically performed on type B test pieces with five parallel measurements per sample. As a result, you will get the compressive strength, modulus, and stress/strain curves, which can be used to evaluate the material's properties. The price does not include sample preparation.

In this analysis, the density of plastics and polymers is determined by the immersion method specified in part A of the ISO 1183-1 standard. The method is suitable for plastic granulates and for products and materials delivered as sheets that can be cut into the right shape in the lab. If the sample is delivered as granulates, the test objects are prepared in the lab by injection molding. The price includes sample preparation.

The focused ion beam (FIB) technique is used to prepare samples for electron microscopy. It allows very precise cutting of samples to observe them by TEM or SEM imaging. We are happy to provide a quote for FIB preparation on its own, as well as FIB-TEM or FIB-SEM analysis.

Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a.k.a. size exclusion chromatography (SEC), of polymers using a refractive index (RI) detector. This technique will measure the molecular weight distribution of polymer samples in a graphical format, the dispersity, Đ, and determine the molecular weight averages, Mn, Mw, Mz, relative to an existing standard. Please note that the numerical values determined for molecular weight by the RI method are not absolute. GPC/SEC-RI is most commonly used to analyze the graphical distribution or dispersity of a polymer. If you need an absolute determination of your sample's true molecular weight, please see our GPC/SEC-MALS method. Samples must be soluble or capable of being analyzed in solution at room temperature. The type of polymer and the necessary solvent will affect the cost of the measurement. Please contact our experts for a tailored quote.

Heat deflection temperature (HDT), also known as heat distortion temperature, describes the plastic's resistance to deformation by a given load at an elevated temperature. It can also give insight into the injection mouldability of the plastic. HDT is defined as the temperature where the sample specimen bends 0.25 mm under a given weight. It can be measured with either method A (1.80 MPa), B (0.45 MPa), or C (8.00 MPa) as per ISO 75. The load and specimen type are chosen according to the tested material. The test is always done as a duplicate.

Extended analysis package for phthalates in various matrices using the GC-MS technique. Phthalates are a group of chemicals widely used as plasticizers, which make plastics more flexible and durable. Phthalates are also found as additives in products, including cosmetics and personal care items. Several phthalates have been identified as being endocrine-disrupting or toxic to reproduction. Exposure to phthalates can occur, e.g., through food (chemicals can transfer from packaging), children's toys (when put in their mouths), and dust from vinyl flooring. The following 43 compounds are detected as part of this analysis: Compound Abbreviation CAS number Phthalic anhydride - 85-44-9 Dimethyl phthalate DMP 0131-11-3 Diethyl phthalate DEP 84-66-2 Ethyl Isobutyl phthalate - 94491-96-0 Diallyl phthalate DAP 131-17-9 Dipropyl phthalate DPP2 131-16-8 Diisobutyl phthalate DIBP 84-69-5 Dibutyl phthalate DBP 84-74-2 Dimethylglycol phthalate DMEP 117-82-8 Diizopentyl phthalate DIPP 605-50-5 N-pentyl-isopentyl phthalate PIPP 84777-06-0 N-pentyl-isopentylphtalate - 776297-69-9 Di(2-ethoxyethyl) phthalate DEEP 605-54-9 Diamyl phthalate DPP 131-18-0 Tri-n-butylacetyl citrate - 77-90-7 Diisohexyl phthalate DMPP 146-50-9; 71850-09-4 Di(n-hexyl) phthalate DNHP 84-75-3 Butyl Octyl phthalate BOP 84-78-6 Adipic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester - 103-23-1; Ref.: 31920 Butyl benzyl phthalate BBP 85-68-7 Di( 2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP 117-81-7 Di-n -hexyl azelate - 109-31-9 Dicyclohexyl phthalate DCHP 84-61-7 Di(n-octyl) phthalate DNOP 117-84-0 Dioctyl terephthalate DOTP 6422-86-2 Dibenzyl phthalate DBP2 523-31-9 Bis(2-propylheptyl) phthalate - 53306-54-0 Dinonyl phthalate DNP 84-76-4 Hexyl-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (HEHP) HEHP 75673-16-4 Diundecylphthalat - 3648-20-2 Bis(4-Methyl-2-pentyl)phthalate - 84-63-9 Diphenyl phthalate DPhP 84-62-8 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-C6-8-branched alkyl ester, C7-rich DIHP 71888-89-6 Diisononyl phthalate DINP 28553-12-0; 68515-48-0 Diisodecylphtalate DIDP 26761-40-0; 68515-49-1 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dihexyl ester, branched and linear - 68515-50-4 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, di C7-11 branched and linear alkyl esters DHNUP 68515-42-4 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mixed decyl and hexyl and octyl diesters - 68648-93-1 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-C6-10-alkyl esters - 68515-51-5 Diisooctyl phthalate - 27554-26-3 Bis(6-methylheptyl) phthalate - 96507-86-7 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester - 166412-78-8; Ref.: 45705 Dibutyl adipate - 105-99-7

Content of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in plastic and rubber and products made from them (e.g., toys, kitchenware) according to AfPS GS 2019:01 PAK. If PAH levels are sufficiently low, the product may be granted a GS mark (a voluntary German product safety label). The test package includes the following substances: Naphthalene [CAS: 91-20-3], Acenaphthylene [CAS: 208-96-8] , Acenaphthene [CAS: 83-32-9] , Fluorene [CAS: 86-73-7] , Phenanthrene [CAS: 85-01-8] , Anthracene [CAS: 120-12-7] , Fluoranthene [CAS: 206-44-0] , Pyrene [CAS: 129-00-0] , Benzo(a)anthracene [CAS: 56-55-3] , Chrysene [CAS: 218-01-9] , Benzo(b)fluoranthene [CAS: 205-99-2] , Benzo(k)fluoranthene [CAS: 207-08-9] , Benzo(j)fluoranthene [CAS: 205-82-3] , Benzo(e)pyrene [CAS: 192-97-2] , Benzo(a)pyrene [benzo(def)chrysene] [CAS: 50-32- 8] , Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene [CAS: 193-39-5] , Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene [CAS: 53-70-3] , Benzo(g,h,i)perylene [CAS: 191-24-2].

Tensile test for extrusion and injection molded plastics at room temperature. The test characterizes the tensile modulus, yield point, and point of break in accordance with the EN ISO 527-2 standard. The price includes the testing of five A1-type specimens (a sixth specimen is required as backup). Sample preparation is not included in the price, therefore samples should be delivered ready for the test. The standard test parameters are as follows: Clamping pressure: 3 bar, Test speed: 50 mm/min . Other parameters can be used upon request.

GC-MS analysis of 16 PAH compounds, which are listed as high-priority pollutants by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The analyzed PAH compounds are: naphthalene [CAS: 91-20-3], acenaphthylene [CAS: 208-96-8], acenaphthene [CAS: 83-32-9], fluorene [CAS: 86-73-7], phenanthrene [CAS: 85-01-8], anthracene [CAS: 120-12-7], fluoranthene [CAS: 206-44-0], pyrene [CAS: 129-00-0], benz(a)anthracene [CAS: 56-55-3], chrysene [CAS: 218-01-9], benzo(b)fluoranthene [CAS: 205-99-2], benzo(k)fluoranthene [CAS: 207-08-9], benzo (a) pyrene [CAS: 50-32-8], dibenzo(ah)anthracene [CAS: 53-70-3], benzo (ghi) perylene [CAS: 191-24-2], indeno (123cd) pyrene [CAS: 193-39-5].

This analysis is used to assess the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of materials in controlled composting conditions by the ISO 14855 standard. Testing is most typically performed on biodegradable plastics and packaging materials. Aerobic biodegradation is the process where organic materials are converted into carbon dioxide (CO2) in environments suitable for composting. The testing conditions can be tailored to simulate either industrial or domestic compost settings. It's important to note that this test specifically measures aerobic biodegradation. It does not cover chemical analyses, material disintegration, or ecotoxicity evaluations necessary for a comprehensive compostability assessment by EN 13432 and ASTM D6400 standards. However, the test is an excellent tool for comparing different product variations in the early stages of development, before conducting a full compostability assessment. The cost of the test varies based on the chosen conditions and the product, with durations ranging from 45 days to 12 months.

Determination of the dynamic shear viscosity using a rotary rheometer. The displayed price includes a shear rate ramp test at a specified temperature. Please specify the following upon ordering the test: desired testing temperature (max. 200 °C), desired shear rate range (from 0,1 s^-1 to 100 s^-1). The set-up configuration of the rheometer can be chosen based on the sample type (the most common options are parallel plate and cone-and-plate). Do not hesitate to ask for a quote for a custom viscosity testing program. For example: temperatures from -20 to 600 °C, and shear rate ranges from 0,01 to 1,000 s^-1 are possible, as well as rotational and oscillatory measurements, time and temperature sweeps, etc.

Analysis of PAH compounds in plastic, rubber, paper, board, and products made from these raw materials (e.g., textiles, toys, packaging materials) as required by the REACH Regulation. Test package includes the following substances: Benzo(a)pyrene [benzo(def)chrysene] [CAS: 50-32-8] , Benzo(e)pyrene [CAS: 192-97-2] , Benzo(a)anthracene [CAS: 56-55-3] , Chrysene [CAS: 218-01-9] , Benzo(b)fluoranthene [CAS: 205-99-2] , Benzo(j)fluoranthene [CAS: 205-82-3] , Benzo(k)fluoranthene [CAS: 207-08-9], Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene [CAS: 53-70-3].

Determination of vinyl chloride [CAS: 75-01-4] content in plastics. Both the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have identified vinyl chloride as a carcinogen. According to Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 on plastic food contact materials, vinyl chloride content in the final product must not exceed 1 mg/kg. In addition, the substance has a specific migration limit of ND, which means that there must be no detectable migration into food.

This test can be used to determine the hardness of plastics with the ball indentation (ISO 2039-1) or Shore hardness (ISO 868) method. Testing is performed at room temperature and includes three measurements per sample. Hardness data may be used for research, development, quality control, and acceptance or rejection of the material under selected specifications. Hardness is fundamentally an empirical attribute that is primarily used for control purposes, as there is no simple relationship between hardness values and fundamental material characteristics.

The ISO 4589-2 oxygen index test is used to evaluate the fire behavior of certain railway materials according to the EN 45545-2 standard. It is required to meet requirements R22, R23, and R24, which apply to products such as insulators, seals, pipes, and hoses. The oxygen index (OI) is the minimum volume-based percentage of oxygen in an oxygen-nitrogen mixture required to support the combustion of the sample under specified conditions. For a material to meet EN 45545-2 requirements, the OI must be at least 28% (hazard classes HL1 and HL2) or at least 32% (HL3). Testing is performed on 20 replicate samples, with the required specimen size depending on the material: 80−150 mm x 10 mm x 4 mm for mould-made materials, such as plastics, 80−150 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm for porous materials, such as foams, 140 mm x 52 mm x d, where d < 10.5 mm, for flexible films, sheets, and fabrics.

Measurement of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of plastic materials according to the ISO 22007-2 standard. Specific heat capacity per unit volume can be determined simultaneously for an extra charge. The method is suitable for materials with thermal conductivity from 0.01 to 500 W/mK and thermal diffusivity from 5×10−7 to 1×10−4 m2s−1. Thermal conductivity can be measured in a specific direction, for example, in-plane (x,y) or thickness direction (z). Testing can be performed at room temperature or in a climate chamber (temperatures from -40 °C to 300°C). Additional preparation cost applies to climate chamber testing. Please specify the desired testing procedure when requesting an offer.

Determination of the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of ultra-high barrier materials. The method can also be used to test moderate barrier materials at high-temperature conditions. Please disclose the desired temperature (from 10 to 85 °C) and the desired relative humidity (from 60% to 100%) when placing the order. This measurement is applicable for films and sheeting materials with WVTR values between 1x10-6 and 10 g/m2/day. If you wish to test finished packaging instead, check out the WVTR measurement for packages. The price of the test consists of a flat rate cost per sample plus one day measurement time. Please contact our experts for an offer.

Testing package to assess the industrial compostability of materials or products following international protocols, such as EN 13432 for packaging, EN 14995 for plastic products, and ISO 17088 for organic recycling. The compostability assessment framework comprises four complementary tests, collectively ensuring the organic recyclability of the material or product: Analysis of constituents to verify the absence of heavy metals and toxic compounds in the material., Biodegradation tests to assess how plastic breaks down, gauging its environmental impact., Disintegration tests for evaluating how plastics fragment into smaller pieces under diverse environmental conditions., Ecotoxicity assessment to ensure that the biodegradation product is not toxic to living organisms, including plants, invertebrates, and microorganisms.. This analysis package includes the necessary tests to verify your product's compostability in an industrial composting environment with a 3-month testing time, which is the typical time for biodegradable plastics to break down in an industrial compost. The maximum testing time is 6 months.

Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is a mechanical testing method used to characterize material properties as a function of temperature, time, frequency, stress, and atmosphere, or a combination of these parameters. DMA measures parameters for stiffness and damping. These are reported as moduli (stiffness) and loss tangent (damping). The moduli can be further divided into the storage modulus (E’) and loss modulus (E’’), which are the elastic and viscous components of the material, respectively. The ratio of loss modulus to storage modulus is a measure of the material's damping capacity. DMA can be used to study the following properties: Viscoelastic properties (E', E'', tan(δ)), Glass transition temperature (Tg), Secondary transitions (β & γ), Crystallization, Melting, Curing kinetics, Damping, Creep and stress relaxation, Mechanical properties (especially useful for small/complex samples), Long-term behaviour with Time-Temperature Superposition. The most common deformation modes are tensile, bending (3-point and cantilever), compression, and shear. The chosen deformation mode, conditions, and material properties selected for study will determine the difficulty and cost of the analysis.

Lignin sample ash content measurement at 525°C. The result is expressed as a mass percentage of the ash from the initial sample on a dry matter basis.

Measurement of surface profile, roughness or edge sharpness by optical profilometry.

Solid state carbon-13 (13C) NMR spectroscopy measurement for solid fine powder samples. The price includes an NMR tube, measurement, and basic data processing. Any possible grinding or ball milling needs to be done before delivering samples to Measurlabs. The processed spectrum is delivered as an image file. Additional information and raw data can be provided upon request. Please contact our experts to verify your sample's suitability for the measurement. Also, let us know if you require atypical measurement conditions, such as high temperatures and/or long measurement times.

This tensile test by the ISO 527-3 standard is intended for determining the tensile properties of plastic films and sheeting. It is particularly suited for thin plastic films with high elongation. Determinable properties include tensile strength, yield strength, yield strain, strain at break, and modulus of elasticity. Results include the individual stress-strain curves for five test samples. The standard tensile properties will also be calculated for each of the five specimens.

In the test, a vertically oriented test specimen is exposed to a small flame ignition source with a nominal thermal power of 50 W. Together with the horizontal burning test, the results are used to assess plastic materials' flammability performance. One of the following classifications can be granted on the basis of this test: V2, V1, or V0. The test will be performed according to UL 94 sixth edition, clause 8. An ISO 17025 accredited test report will be provided.

The gravimetric dish method can be used to determine the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of materials that have a high water vapor permeability. This method is intended for plastic films or sheeting materials with a water transmission rate of over 1 g/m²/day. The maximum sample thickness is 3 mm. In the test, a water-absorbent material is placed in a metal cup that is covered by the studied material, which is sealed to the cup with wax. The test sample is placed in a conditioned cabinet and its mass is measured. From this, the WVTR value can be calculated. The method is not applicable for materials that are damaged by hot wax or shrink under the used test conditions.

Determination of microplastics in wastewater using FTIR microspectroscopy. The results of the analysis will specify different types of polymers by size, for example, 10–50 µm, 50–100 µm, 100–500 µm, and >500 µm. This analysis is suitable for natural waters and typical wastewater samples. Please note that both of these matrices need digestion sample preparation due to the possible solid particles in the samples. For special water matrices (process water, industrial water, etc.), please contact the method expert before ordering.

The Vicat softening point is the temperature at which a flat-pointed needle penetrates the sample to a thickness of 1 mm when loaded with a 10 N or 50 N load. In the test, the sample is placed in an oil bath that is heated at a rate of 50 °C/h or 120 °C/h, and the needle is placed on the surface of the sample. The test gives you the temperature at which the needle has penetrated 1 mm deep into the sample. The test price includes the measurement of the Vicat softening point as a triplicate with method A50, A120, B50, or B120.

Water vapor transmission rate testing can be used to evaluate the breathability of textiles. This test, performed according to ASTM E96, measures the amount of water vapor that passes through the fabric in a controlled environment. The standard conditions are 20 °C and 65% relative humidity. The result will be reported in g/m²/day. For a more comprehensive evaluation of technical textiles' barrier properties, this test can be combined with the ISO 811 resistance to water penetration test and the ISO 9237 air permeability measurement. Do not hesitate to ask our experts for an offer for the full set of analyses.

Measurement performed by the EN 16640 standard, using the radiocarbon method to determine the biobased carbon content of a product. The proportion of biobased carbon (also known as biogenic carbon) is expressed in relation to the total carbon content (TC). The displayed price applies to non-volatile samples, but it may be possible to analyze volatile samples upon request. Please note that we cannot accept samples that contain artificial carbon-12, carbon-13, or carbon-14 isotopes because they will cause damage to the equipment.

This measurement determines the transmission rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) through a single or multi-layered plastic film or sheeting with an infrared detector. The measurement is performed with two parallel specimens. The testing temperature is 23°C, and the relative humidity is 0%.

This analysis according to the IEC 60243-1 standard determines the dielectric strength of solid plastics by subjecting a flat sample plate to a gradually increasing voltage between two electrodes. The voltage at which the plastic loses its insulating properties is known as the breakdown voltage. The dielectric strength is calculated by dividing the breakdown voltage by the thickness of the sample and is typically expressed in kilovolts per millimeter (kV/mm). Samples are preconditioned at 23 °C and 50% RH for 24 hours before testing and are tested in a surrounding medium of thermostated insulating oil to prevent flashover. The analysis includes five tests at 23 °C. The dielectric strength is determined from the median of the test results. Five additional tests will be conducted if any single test result deviates by more than 15% from the median. The dielectric strength is then determined from the median of the 10 results. These additional tests do not affect the price of the analysis. Maximum dielectric strength 50 kV/mm. Analyses conducted at cryogenic and elevated temperatures (up to 250°C) are also available. Please contact us for a quote tailored to your project. Note that we also offer other tests to evaluate the electrical properties of plastics, including volume & surface resistivity tests and comparative tracking index (CTI) determination.

In this test, a horizontally oriented test specimen is exposed to a small flame ignition source with a nominal thermal power of 50 W. Together with other UL 94 tests, the results are used to classify plastic materials' flammability performance. The HB classification can be achieved with this test. The test will be performed according to UL 94 sixth edition, clause 7, and you will receive an ISO 17025 accredited test report as a result.

This method is used to study the tensile properties of isotropic and orthotropic fiber-reinforced plastic composites according to the ISO 527-4 standard. 3 repeat tests are included. The parameters determined are the tensile strength, modulus, and strain to failure (no Poisson's ratio). Other specimen geometries are possible. However, a minimum tab length of 50mm is required to prevent slippage.

A biodegradation analysis for determining how materials decompose in soil, conforming to the ISO 17556 standard. This standard is specific to aerobic biodegradation in soil environments, where organic materials are broken down into carbon dioxide (CO2). Please note that this analysis focuses exclusively on aerobic biodegradation and does not cover chemical analyses, material disintegration, or ecotoxicity evaluations, which are essential for a full understanding of the environmental impact of the degradation process. The analysis is, nonetheless, a valuable tool for comparing different product formulations in the initial stages of development, prior to more comprehensive biodegradability assessments. The cost of this test varies, depending on the specific conditions chosen and the product being tested, with test durations ranging from 6 to 24 months.

In this test, a horizontally oriented test specimen is exposed to a small flame ignition source with a nominal thermal power of 50 W after being conditioned as per the UL 94 standard. This test is used to classify foamed plastics into one of the following classes: HBF, HF-1, or HF-2. Testing is performed according to UL 94 sixth edition, clause 12, and you will receive an ISO 17025 accredited test report as a result.

A test based on the ISO 489 standard part A for measuring the refractive index of molded plastic parts, casts, or extruded sheets or films. Testing is performed using a refractometer, and the results can be used, for example, to verify purity and composition or to identify different plastic materials. The test is suitable for isotropic transparent, translucent, colored, and anisotropic materials. The method is recommended when a high level of accuracy is required. Powdered or granulated materials are not suitable samples for this analysis, but we do also offer a test for determining the refractive index of powders.

SEC-MALS (size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering) is a polymer analysis method that is used to characterize the molar masses and branching properties of polymers. This analysis gives information about a high molecular weight polymer's mass-average molar mass (Mw), numeric-average molar mass (Mn), polydispersity index (PDI), and information about branching.

Standard ISO 22196 outlines a method for evaluating the antibacterial activity of plastics and other non-porous surfaces. The procedure involves inoculating the sample with a specified concentration of bacteria, typically Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, and incubating it under controlled conditions. After incubation, the number of viable bacteria on the test surface is compared to that on an untreated control surface. The difference is quantified as a logarithmic reduction, indicating the level of antibacterial activity. This method is widely recognized as reproducible and consistent, making it a reliable tool for assessing the efficacy of antibacterial treatments in industries such as healthcare, packaging, and consumer products. The lower end of the price range applies to testing with one bacterial strain, while the higher end includes analyses with both S. aureus and E. coli.

Cyclosiloxanes are the primary building blocks of siloxane polymers and, ultimately, silicone rubber. Hence, cyclosiloxanes can remain in the final silicone article as residual impurities. Several cyclosiloxanes (D4, D5, D6; see table below) are considered harmful to the environment and human health. These three substances are listed in the REACH Candidate List of substances of very high concern (SVHC). Substance Abbreviation CAS N:o Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane D4 556-67-2 Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane D5 541-02-6 Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane D6 540-97-6 The Nordic Swan Ecolabel criteria for greaseproof paper sets the limit values for D4, D5, and D6 impurities in silicone coating as 400 ppm per substance and 1000 ppm for the sum of D4, D5, and D6. In addition to the restricted substances listed above, this analysis package includes the quantification of cyclosiloxanes D3, D7, and D8.

Group delay dispersion (GDD) and group velocity dispersion (GVD) are critical parameters for understanding how the propagation time and speed of light pulses change with frequency or wavelength as they travel through transmitting media, such as glass optics, or interact within the layers of thin-film coatings. Group delay refers to the time delay experienced by light of various frequencies, while group velocity is the speed at which the envelope of a pulse propagates through a medium. GDD and GVD characterize the rate at which group delay and group velocity, respectively, vary with the frequency or wavelength of light. GDD and GVD are expressed in units of time squared, typically in femtoseconds squared (fs2). Both can be measured using a white light interferometer. The measurement conditions for which we can perform the test are outlined below. For a 1" sample Reflection optics AOI: 0° & 5-70°, Transmission AOI: 0-70°. For a 2" sample Reflection optics AOI: 5-70° (0° could be possible, discuss with expert), Transmission AOI: 0-70°. Spectral coverage: 400-1060 nm (VIS/NIR basic version), 250-1060 nm (UV/VIS/NIR version), 900-2400 nm (IR version). To carry out the testing, the following measurement details and sample information should be available: Sample matrix: Substrates, coating, etc. , Reflection/transmission angle of incidence: Reflection AOI of 45°, Transmission AOI of 45°, etc., Polarization: p, s, N/A, Working wavelength range, Measurement points: How many and where in the sample?, Expected GDD/GVD.

Home composting provides an effective way to manage organic waste on a small scale or within a household setting, involving the transformation of organic matter into compost through the activity of microorganisms. This analysis package is used to assess the suitability of materials for organic recycling through home composting. While there is currently no international standard for this specific evaluation, the Australian standard AS 5810 is widely acknowledged as the reference standard. The standard encompasses five key assessments: Chemical analysis of raw materials: Ensuring the absence of heavy metals and toxic compounds in the material., Biodegradation Tests: Evaluating how plastic breaks down and examining its environmental impact., Disintegration Tests: Assessing how plastics fragment into smaller pieces under various environmental conditions., Compost Quality Assessment: Ensuring that the resulting compost maintains a comparable quality to compost without the presence of plastic or other materials., Ecotoxicity: Verifying that the product resulting from biodegradation is not toxic to living organisms, with evaluations conducted at two levels: higher plants and invertebrates.. The goal is to obtain a clear understanding of whether the sample material can undergo effective organic recycling in a home composting environment, utilizing the comprehensive criteria outlined by the Australian standard.

Hot-stage microscopy (HSM) analysis enables the direct visualization of materials under controlled temperature conditions. Capabilities include: Examining compound morphology and particle characteristics., Observing solid-solid transformations, melting/liquefaction, solidification, sublimation, and evaporation., Monitoring how different compounds interact, dissolve, or react with each other., Tracking crystal growth and growth rates., Utilizing the Kofler mixed fusion method for salt/co-crystal screening., Observing oxidation and other chemical reactions as they occur under heat.. The results will include microscope pictures and video showing the transitions during heating. Measurement specifications: Temperature range: 25 °C to 375 °C, Humidity control: 5–90% RH. Instrument details: The instrument set-up comprises a heating stage (hot stage) with a sample holder, coupled with a polarized-light microscope and a system that allows temperature measurements and video/picture recording.

MFFT is the lowest temperature at which a latex, emulsion, or adhesive will uniformly coalesce when laid on a substrate as a thin film. An accurate MFFT value allows the formulation of products that cure correctly under specified application conditions. The measurement gives information about the minimum film-forming temperature of latexes and polymer dispersions with a standardized method. The temperature range of the machine is from –10 °C to 60 °C.

Solution viscosity is determined according to the ISO 1628 standard using a capillary viscometer. The method measures the resistance of a polymer solution to flow by recording the time it takes for a specific volume of liquid to pass through a capillary with known geometry. Temperatures: 25 - 135 °C

In this test, a vertically oriented test specimen is exposed to a small flame ignition source with a nominal thermal power of 500 W. Together with the horizontal burning test and the 50 W vertical burning test, this test is used to classify plastic materials' flammability performance. One of the following classifications can be achieved: 5VB or 5VA. The material should already be classified as V0 or V1 before this test is conducted. Testing is performed according to UL 94 sixth edition, clause 9. You will receive an ISO 17025 accredited report as a result.

1000 hours of exposure in QUV accelerated artificial weathering, including measurement of L* a* b* color coordinates and calculation of ΔE*ab

The method measures the coefficients of starting and sliding friction of plastic films and sheeting when sliding over the same or another material. The testing procedure is based on the ISO 8295 standard. The measurement can be used for quality control of plastic film samples. Four replica measurements per sample are included in the displayed price.

Analysis for quantifying dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) in various packaging materials (e.g. food and cosmetics packaging) and their raw materials, including plastics, paper, and rubber. Dioxins and furans are a family of chlorine-containing chemicals considered bioaccumulating, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that can be toxic even at low doses. While regulatory limits apply mainly to food and feed, packaging materials can be a source of indirect exposure to dioxins and furans. Recycled materials tend to pose relatively high risks, depending on the quality of the raw material and the effectiveness of the decontamination process. The following substances are included in the analysis: Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) 2,3,7,8-TCDD. 2,3,7,8-TCDF. 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD. 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF. 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD. 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF. 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD. 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF. 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD. 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF. 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD. 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF. OCDD. 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF. 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF. 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF. OCDF. Testing is often performed for the following reasons: Analyzing recycled PE, PP, and LDPE intended for cosmetics packaging according to CosPaTox guidelines., Analyzing paper and board bleached with elementary chlorine according to the requirements of TemaNord 2008:515 guidelines..

NMR can be used to identify the type(s) of polymer(s) in a sample by studying the unique response of their nuclei to an applied magnetic field. This technique can be used to characterize a completely unknown polymer or a blend of polymers. NMR can also be used to study the purity or contamination of a polymer sample. During polymer synthesis, compounding, or manufacturing, materials can become mixed with unwanted polymers or other organic contaminants. NMR can identify these molecules and quantify their concentration in the sample relative to the intended polymer composition. The results of the analysis include a processed spectrum, which is delivered as an image file. Additional interpretation and raw data can be provided upon request. 1H-NMR and/or 13C-NMR can be used for this analysis, depending on the sample. Solid-state measurements are also available. The price can depend on whether your samples require the use of specialized deuterated solvents or measurement conditions (i.e., high temperatures or long measurement times). Please contact Measurlabs' NMR experts for a testing plan and quote tailored to your material and analysis needs.

This test is used to determine the puncture properties of rigid plastics. During the test, a flat sample specimen is punctured by a falling impact object (from 1 m at a speed of 4.4 m/s) while the force and deflection are measured.

In this abrasion resistance test, the volume loss that a test piece experiences when subjected to abrasive action is measured. A specified grade of abrasive sheet and a non-rotating test piece are used. The result can be reported as a relative volume loss or an abrasion resistance index. Rubber abrasion resistance testing is suitable for comparative testing, quality control, specification compliance testing, reference purposes, and research and development.

These analyses (IEC 62631-3-1 and IEC 62631-3-2) measure the resistive properties of solid plastics under direct current (DC) conditions. Flat plates of the sample are placed between two electrodes, and a known DC voltage is applied. For volume resistivity (IEC 62631-3-1), the current flowing through the bulk material is measured. For surface resistivity (IEC 62631-3-2), the current along the surface is measured. Resistivity values are calculated from the applied voltage and measured current. The tests are conducted in triplicate at 23 °C and 50% RH after conditioning the samples for 4 days at 23 °C and 50% RH. The samples sent for testing should have a thickness close to their intended application. Analyses conducted at cryogenic and elevated temperatures (up to 250°C) are also available, as well as other electrical tests for plastic materials. Please contact our experts for a quote tailored to your project.

Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) is a surface-sensitive technique (3-9 nm) used for compositional analysis and depth profiling, providing data on the elemental composition in depth. Secondary electron images can also be provided. AES is a very useful technique to measure patterns since it has a beam size that can go down to a few nm.

1000 hours of exposure in QSUN xenon-arc chamber with filter Daylight Q (daylight SPD)

The biobased carbon content is either reported as a fraction of the total organic carbon (TOC) or total carbon (TC). The price is for non-volatile samples. If your sample is volatile, please discuss the suitability of your sample type with our experts. Please also note that we cannot accept samples that contain artificial carbon-12, carbon-13, or carbon-14 isotopes because they will cause damage to the equipment.

Determination of the biomass fraction of CO₂ emissions generated from mixed fuel incineration, as required by the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS). CO₂ originating from non-fossil sources like biomass has an emission factor of zero under EU ETS and is therefore not counted towards carbon emissions. This means that the biomass fraction of mixed fuels, such as municipal waste or solid recovered fuel (SRF), must be determined to calculate reportable emissions accurately. In this analysis, the proportion of biogenic carbon dioxide in total emitted CO₂ from the incineration process is measured using the radiocarbon (¹⁴C) method. The measurement is based on the ASTM D6866 standard. This standard is equally rigorous and based on the same methodology as EN ISO 13833, which is mentioned in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2066 on the monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions. Testing is relevant for industrial plants that use mixed fuels and participate in emissions trading, as well as for municipal waste incineration (MWI) plants, which have been required to monitor and report emissions according to EU ETS since the beginning of 2024.

This analysis package is used to determine the biodegradability of materials in soil. The results can be used to evaluate the environmental impact of the product. Testing is based on the international standard ISO 23517, titled "Soil biodegradable materials for mulch films for use in agriculture and horticulture - Requirements and test methods regarding biodegradation, ecotoxicity and control of constituents." The standard encompasses four assessments: Chemical analysis of raw materials: Ensuring the absence of heavy metals or toxic compounds from the material., Biodegradation Tests: Evaluating how plastic breaks down and examining its environmental impact., Disintegration Tests: Assessing how plastics fragment into smaller pieces under simulated soil conditions., Ecotoxicity: Verifying that the product resulting from biodegradation is not toxic to living organisms, with evaluations conducted at two levels: higher plants and invertebrates.. The goal is to determine whether the material can undergo effective biodegradation in a simulated natural environment, utilizing the detailed criteria outlined in the ISO standard.

The measurement determines the transmission rate of hydrogen gas (H2) through a single or multi-layered plastic film or sheeting with a pressure sensor. The measurement is performed with two parallel specimens. The testing temperature is 23°C, and the relative humidity is 0%. The price includes 1 day of testing time, and additional days can be included with a €40 daily rate. The permeability of other gases, such as chlorine gas (Cl), can also be tested using the same method. Contact us for a quote.

Determination of methane transmission rate of plastic films and sheet-like materials with the differential pressure method (ISO 15105-1). Testing is performed on two parallel samples. Measurement temperature can be chosen from 0 °C to 200 °C with a relative humidity of 0%. Fragile samples can be measured with the equal pressure method (ISO 15105-2) for an additional fee.

Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) of polymers using a multi-angle light scattering (MALS) detector. This analysis is suitable for polymers of ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) >1E6 g/mol. This includes polymers such as polyisoprene (synthetic and natural rubber), polybutadiene, styrene-butadiene rubbers, polyisobutylene, or acrylic and methacrylic emulsion copolymers. AF4-MALS also provides superior separation of branched polymers. The technique will measure the molecular weight distribution of polymer samples in a graphical format, the dispersity, Đ, and determine the actual molecular weight averages, Mn, Mw, and Mz. The samples must be soluble or able to be measured from a solution at room temperature. The type of polymer and the necessary solvent will affect the cost. Please contact our experts for a quote tailored to your needs.

Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a.k.a. size exclusion chromatography (SEC), of polymers using a multi-angle light scattering (MALS) detector. This technique will measure the molecular weight distribution of polymer samples in a graphical format, the dispersity, Đ, and determine the actual molecular weight averages, Mn, Mw, Mz. In contrast to other techniques using RI detectors and calibration standards, the MALS method will determine the true molecular weight of the sample. The samples must be soluble or able to be measured from a solution at room temperature. The type of polymer and the necessary solvent will affect the cost of the analysis. Please contact our experts for a quote tailored to your needs.

Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a.k.a. size exclusion chromatography (SEC), of polymers using either a refractive index (RI) detector or a multi-angle light scattering (MALS) detector. This product is suitable for polypropylene or polyolefin polymers that are only soluble at high temperatures in 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (TCB). This technique will measure the molecular weight distribution of polypropylene (PP) samples in a graphical format, the dispersity, Đ, and determine the molecular weight averages, Mn, Mw, and Mz. Opting for the method with RI detectors will determine the molecular weight relative to a calibration standard. Please note that the numerical values determined for molecular weight by the RI method are not absolute. Opting for the MALS method will determine the true molecular weight of the sample. The choice of detector for the analysis will affect the cost. Please contact our experts for a quote tailored to your needs.

Determination of the nitrogen or helium transmission rate of plastic films and sheet-like materials with the differential pressure method. Testing is performed on three parallel samples. Measurement conditions (temperature and relative humidity) can be chosen according to the intended use of the material. Please disclose the desired temperature (from 5 °C to 95 °C) and relative humidity (either 0% or from 10% to 90%) upon ordering. Oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) transmission rates can also be determined with the manometric method upon request, but the following, more cost-efficient measurements are used more often: OTR of films and sheeting, CO2 transmission rate of films and sheeting.

The oxidation induction time (OIT) is a measure of a material's resistance to thermo-oxidative degradation. OIT testing is performed according to the ISO 11357-1 standard using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). In the test, the sample is heated under a nitrogen atmosphere to the desired temperature, typically 100 °C to 200 °C. Oxygen is then introduced while the temperature is kept constant isothermally. The time until the material begins to degrade is recorded, and this is called the oxidation induction time. Testing is often used to assess the performance of antioxidants added to polymeric materials.

Use of 13C-NMR to identify the type and relative quantity of short-chain branching in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) samples. The prevalence of short-chain branching can have major effects on the properties of HDPE materials such as their crystallinity, melting point, density, and mechanical properties. The branching density and relative distribution of different length side chains can be determined by NMR using the Randall method. The processed spectrum is delivered as an image file. Additional interpretation and raw data can be provided upon request. Please contact Measurlabs' NMR experts to receive a testing plan tailored to your material and analysis needs. This analysis is only relevant to HDPE materials.

Polymer tacticity (isotactic, syndiotactic, or atactic) can be studied using differing NMR techniques suitable for different polymer types. Polypropylene (PP) is analyzed using 1H-NMR and can be combined with 2D experiments such as COSY-NMR for more precise results. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is analyzed using 13C-NMR and can be combined with 2D experiments such as HMQC-NMR or HSQC-NMR for more precise results. The processed spectra are delivered as an image file. Additional interpretation and raw data can be provided upon request. Please contact Measurlabs' NMR experts to receive a testing plan tailored to your material and analysis needs. Different NMR techniques may need to be used for these analyses based on the sample type and matrix. The price of the measurement can depend on whether your samples require the use of specialized deuterated solvents or measurement conditions (i.e. high temperatures or long measurement times).