Laboratory testing services

Commission Regulation (EU) No 2023/915 specifies maximum levels for heavy metals in various foods, and Directive 2002/32/EC does the same for various feeds. This analysis can be used to quantify traces of the heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) in food, feed, and dietary supplements. The method applied is ICP-MS according to the EN 15763 standard.

Determination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen content of an organic sample. CHNS analysis (”LECO analysis”) is performed using a flash combustion method, where the sample is combusted under 25 kPa of O2 at an elevated temperature (1000 °C), followed by gas chromatography separation and detection using a thermal conductivity detector. Oxygen is analyzed by reduction on granulated carbon at 1480 °C, utilizing high-temperature thermal decomposition and conversion of oxygen into carbon monoxide before gas chromatography separation and detection with a thermal conductivity detector. The sample can be either solid or liquid, but water in the sample affects the results. In the case of aqueous samples, it is possible to dry the sample before analysis. The price includes two parallel measurements. The results are reported as wt-% of the initial sample. The ash, drying and dry loss measurements will increase the minimum required sample material need to 300 mg. The analysis gives the total carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen content of the material, but it does not identify any chemical structures. The measurement can be combined with other methods, such as GC-MS, 1H, and 13C NMR, to perform substance structure identification. Possible element packages: O, CHNS, and CHNOS.

XRF is a quantitative and qualitative method that can be used to analyze solid and liquid materials. This method is intended for a standard screening of homogeneous materials that do not require special sample preparation, precautions, or have any other special requirements. Wavelength-dispersive XRF (WDXRF) is used to perform the measurements unless energy-dispersive XRF (EDXRF) is specifically requested.

Time-of-Flight Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ToF-ERDA) measurement for determining the elemental concentrations of thin films. ToF-ERDA is capable of identifying all elements, including various hydrogen isotopes. It provides elemental depth profiles by determining the concentration of each element at different depths within a sample. Typically, the method achieves detection limits ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 atomic percent and depth resolution between 5 and 20 nm. It is suitable for analyzing films with thicknesses between 20 and 500 nm. For accurate measurements, the sample surface should be smooth, with a roughness of less than 10 nm. The method is inherently quantitative when analyzing thin films on typical substrates, such as silicon (Si), gallium nitride (GaN), silicon carbide (SiC), gallium arsenide (GaAs), or indium phosphide (InP). So, reference samples are not needed to obtain quantitative results. The technique is particularly useful when analyzing light elements due to its good detection limits. In addition to typical ToF-ERDA measurements, we also offer LI-ERDA (also referred to as Foil ERDA) for more precise determination of hydrogen isotopes. The detection limits with LI-ERDA are typically around 0.01 atomic percent, and depth resolutions of ~1nm can be achieved. LI-ERDA only allows detection of hydrogen isotopes.

The Finnish National Regulation 268/1992 (CTM) applies to contact materials manufactured in Finland or imported directly from third countries which do not have harmonized EU legislation. However, although harmonized legislation exists on ceramic contact materials (Directives 84/500/EEC, 2005/31/EC), which has been put into force nationally in Finland by Regulation KTM 165/2006), this Decision applies to ceramic products with a lip line and/or intended for toddlers. Limits defined by the Degree: Pb 0.50 mg/dm2, Cd 0.10 mg/dm2, Cr 2.0 mg/dm2, Ni 2.0 mg/dm2.

This measurement detects the migration of heavy metals and aluminum to cold water from paper or board intended as food contact material. The method is suitable for the determination of migration of aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in accordance with BfR XXXVI recommendations. The migration of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) can also be determined using the CEPI testing recommendations for food contact paper and board.

Testing for the migration of aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, chromium (III), chromium (VI), cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, strontium, tin, organic tin, and zinc from toy materials and parts as well as drinking items and cutlery intended for small children. The migration of chromium (VI) and organic tin will be assessed if the value for the total content is exceeded. The test is a key part of toy safety testing by EU regulations.

Determination of the total organic fluorine (TOF) content in combustible materials by combustion ion chromatography (CIC). TOF analysis gives information about the total amount of organic fluorinated compounds. It can also be used to evaluate the presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the material, even though individual PFAS compounds can't be analyzed with this method. The analysis is suitable for many different materials. Please describe the sample in detail when requesting an offer to help us prepare a quote quickly.

This metal screening analysis includes the semi-quantitative determination of 70 elements. The method can be used, for example, to determine the background concentrations of metals in environmental samples or to study the elemental distribution of unknown samples. Screening is also often performed to assess which metals should be analyzed by a quantitative method. The measurement is performed using a high-resolution ICP-MS technique (ICP-SFMS), which can identify very low elemental concentrations. A semi-quantitative determination of the following elements is included: Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, I, Ir, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, Os, P, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Ru, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn and Zr. However, please note that some elements may not be determinable due to matrix interference. During this semi-quantitative analysis, the instrument is calibrated for about 30 elements and the rest of the analytes are quantified using sensitivity factors for calibrated elements with similar mass and first ionization potential considering isotope abundances. Quantitative analysis is also available at an additional price. During this analysis, all elements are calibrated (excluding halogens and Os). Please ask for an offer for this service.

Determination of total organic carbon (TOC) content of water samples. The results of the analysis will be reported in mg/l.

Determination of Be, Ba, Co, Al, Mg, Cu, Li, Mn, Ag, Sn, Ti, V, Zn, Tl, B, Hg, Mo, Fe, Ca, K, U, P, Cd, Na, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb, As, and Se in water samples with ICP-MS-technique. The sample is homogenized and acidified (HNO3), after which the analysis is performed from the liquid phase. The analysis is suitable for natural waters. If the sample contains a lot of solids or the matrix is significantly different from natural water (for example waste and industrial waters), please contact our testing expert and ask for an offer. The concentration of each element is reported in µg/l.

Determination of total fluorine (F) content in plastic according to the EN 15408 mod. method. The fluorine content of the sample is obtained using oxygen bomb combustion treatment followed by ion chromatography (IC). Possible sample preparation, such as grinding into smaller particles, is available at an extra cost. This method can also be used to determine the total content of S, Cl, and Br. The results will be reported in mg/kg.

Determination of total organic fluorine (TOF) in paper, polymers, and textiles TOF analysis gives information about the total amount of organic fluorinated compounds. It can also be used to evaluate the overall presence or absence of PFAS compounds, even though this method cannot identify individual PFAS. Do not hesitate to contact us for more information and a quote for your sample batch.

The measurement is performed using a high-resolution ICP-MS technique (ICP-SFMS), which can identify very low elemental concentrations. The measurement includes only the selected element or elements from the list below: Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, Ir, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Ru, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn, and Zr. NOTE: The price is applicable for the first measured element. The price for extra elements from the same sample is 40 €/element.

ICP-OES measurement package for soil, sludge, or sediment samples. Pre-treatment of the sample with aqua regia decomposition is included in the price. The following elements are quantified using the ICP-OES technique: Ag, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Tl, V, and Zn. The concentrations are expressed in mg/kg d.m. The analysis is also available with an express turnaround time. Ask our experts for more information.

Migration of lead and cadmium from ceramics, glass, and enameled articles. For ceramic articles and tableware, limits defined in Commission Directive 2005/31/EC (amending Council Directive 84/500/EEC) apply: Category Limit for lead Limit for cadmium Articles which cannot be filled and articles which can be filled, the internal depth of which, measured from the lowest point to the horizontal plane passing through the upper rim, does not exceed 25 mm 0.8 mg/dm2 0.07 mg/dm2 All other articles which can be filled 4.0 mg/l 0.3 mg/l Cooking ware; packaging and storage vessels having a capacity of more than three liters 1.5 mg/l 0.1 mg/l In addition, limits for the release of lead (2 mg/article) and cadmium (0.2 mg/article) for articles with a lip and rim area (such as cups and mugs) have been defined in standard ISO 4531-1/2:1998. For glass and enameled products, no harmonized regulation exists currently within the European Union. By convention, limits defined by Commission Directive 2005/31/EC can be applied. However, member states can impose additional or separate restrictions regarding migration limits, tested elements, and/or test conditions. Examples of specific requirements defined at the national level are listed below: Member state Regulation Specific requirements* France Fiche MCDA n°2 (V01 – 01/05/2016) Ceramics & glass: separate migration limits for articles with a lip and rim area, migration limits for Al, Co, and As. Enameled and decorated articles other than ceramics: migration limit for Cr VI. Italy Ministerial Decree of 21/03/1975, as amended Lead glass: separate test method and migration limit for Pb. The Netherlands Commodities Act (Packagings and Consumer Articles) Glass and glass ceramics: separate migration limits for Sb, As, Ba, B, Cd, Ce, Cr, F, Co, Li, Pb, Mn, Ni, Rb, Zr. Ceramics and enamels: separate migration limits for As, Ba, B, Cd, Cr, Co, Hg, Li, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr. Finland Degree (KTM) 268/1992 Glass, enamels, and ceramics with lip and rim area and/or intended for toddlers: separate migration limits for Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr. * Testing for specific requirements is possible for an additional cost Some of the available test methods are listed below: Material type Product type Migration method Available methods Ceramics Flatware (e.g. plates) Total immersion EN 1388-1, ASTM C 738 Ceramics Holloware (e.g. cups) Article fill EN 1388-1, ASTM C 738 Glass Flatware (e.g. plates) Total immersion EN 1388-2 Glass Holloware (e.g. cups) Article fill ISO 7086-1 Ceramics, glass, enameled metal Holloware (e.g. cups) Lip and rim test ASTM C 927

Determination of the concentrations of Co, Si, P, S, B, and Na in solid chemicals. This method is meant for chemicals like Co(NO3)2. The results include the concentration of the main component (Co) and the concentrations of selected impurities.

Determination of elements in food, feed, and dietary supplements with ICP methods (ICP-MS, ICP-AAS, ICP-OES). Elements can contribute to the quality and properties of food and feed in several ways. Some are essential minerals that enhance nutritional value, while others (e.g., heavy metals) are considered undesirable contaminants with maximum levels set in EU food contaminant legislation. Some elements can also contribute to the sensory properties of products. Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 allows the declaration of certain minerals if the food contains them in significant amounts in relation to daily reference intakes. The EU also keeps a database of authorized mineral additives in feed and regulates the allowed tolerances between declared amounts and analyzed amounts. Elements that are generally considered hazardous contaminants are regulated by Regulation (EU) No 2023/915 and Directive 2002/32/EC. The most common elements that are available for analysis include: Aluminium (Al), Arsenic (As), Boron (B), Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Selenium (Se), Tin (Sn), Zinc (Zn), Molybdenum (Mb), Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Titanium (Ti), Sulfur (S). It may be possible to analyze other minerals or heavy metals upon request. You can get more information on the analysis options and a quote for quantifying selected elements by contacting us.

High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is an analytical technique for determining the exact molecular masses of various compounds. The high accuracy makes HRMS ideal for the identification of molecular structures, ranging from small organic molecules to large biological macromolecules. Sample requirements: Information regarding the solubility of the sample in common high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) solvents (e.g., H2O, methanol, acetonitrile) or other solvents should be provided., 0.1% formic acid is used as an additive in the test. It is essential to confirm the sample's stability in this acid., Providing the expected molecular weight of the analyte(s) and molecular structure of the sample as a ChemDraw file is beneficial.. Measurement details: Scans can be performed in both positive (+ve) and negative (-ve) ion modes., An ACQUITY RDa Detector is utilized for detection..

The ICP-MS technique provides information on the concentrations of metals in a sample. The measurement includes the following elements: Na, Mg, K, Ca, Li, Be, B, Al, Si, P, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Cs, Ba, Hf, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, U. In the results, the elemental concentrations are expressed in units mg/kg.

Classic stable isotope analysis of carbon (13C) with isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The results are reported in the unit VPDB, ‰. The analysis is suitable for various sample materials. Please contact the Measurlabs expert for more detailed information on the analysis.

The following analyses are included in this nanoparticle analysis package, intended to characterize nanoforms according to the REACH Regulation. Particle size distribution and aspect ratios by SEM-EDX Preparation with isopropanol, Sample dispersion on a slide, with centrifugation, SEM analysis and particle count by image analysis, Nanoparticle detection and classification according to the 2022 EC recommendation on the definition of nanomaterial, Reporting of PSD parameters for ~300 particles, including the following: PSD diagram, accumulated and individual., Feret min (min, d10, d25, d50, d75, d90, d95, max), Feret max (min, d10, d25, d50, d75, d90, d95, max), Equivalent circular diameter (min, d10, d25, d50, d75, d90, d95, max), Aspect ratio (calculated based on individual Feret min and Feret max measurements), Number based nano-fraction (%).. Crystal phase analysis by XRD/Rietveld method Sample preparation: drying, grinding, X-ray preparation, XRD analysis over an angular range extending from 10° to 90°, Identification of the crystalline phases present in the sample, Semi-quantitative analysis of phase distribution, using the Rietveld method, Interpretation of diffractograms. Chemical composition/purity by ICP-AES and CHNS analysis ICP-AES quantification of inorganic and metallic elements: Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Se, Sb, Si, Sn, Sr, V, Zn, Ti, and Tl, Determination of C, H, N, and S with an elemental analyzer. Volume-specific surface area (VSSA) and VSSA diameter calculations (optional) BET specific surface area measurement of powder by nitrogen adsorption, True (skeletal) density measurement by He pycnometry, excluding intergranular and intragranular porosity, Both analyses include sample preparation. You can request a quote for the analysis using the form below. Please note that the OECD 125 guideline does not apply to this analysis.

Determination of 36 elemental impurities from ultra-pure water with ICP-MS. The measurement includes the following elements: Al, Sb, As, Ba, Be, Bi, B, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Ga, Ge, Au, Fe, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Nb, Pt, K, Ag, Na, Sr, Ta, Tl, Sn, Ti, W, V, Zn, and Zr. The sample must be collected in a suitable container designed for ultrapure water. Measurlabs can provide the required sample vessels.

ICP-MS elemental analysis for geological samples (rocks, ore, mining samples) with aqua regia digestion. The analysis includes the following elements: Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, In, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rb, Re, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Ta, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Zn and Zr. The following rare earth elements (REE) are also included: Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sm, Tb, Tm, and Yb. Gold determinations by this method are semi-quantitative due to the small sample weight used. The price does not include pretreatment, such as crushing or sieving. Shipping included up to 5 kg total weight, extra cost for larger shipments.

Analysis for determining the anion content of ultrapure water samples using ion chromatography (IC). The determination of chloride (Cl-), fluoride (F-), nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO43-), and sulfate (SO42-) is included in the analysis. The sample must be collected in a container designed for ultrapure water. We can provide the required sample vessels upon request.

Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) is an additive used in diesel-powered vehicles to help the catalytic reduction of nitrous oxides. Thus, the use of AdBlue and other exhaustive fluids improves ambient air quality. DEF testing package according to ISO 22241:2019 includes the measurements listed below: Urea content (ISO 22241-2C), Density at 20 °C (EN ISO 12185) , Refractive index at 20 °C (ISO 22241-2C), Alkalinity as NH₃ (ISO 22241-2D), Biuret (ISO 22241-2E), Aldehydes (ISO 22241-2F), Insoluble matter (ISO 22241-2G), Phosphate (ISO 22241-2H), Determination of Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ni, and Zn content (ISO 22241-2I).

Determining the content of S, Na, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Mg, Mn, Si, and P in a wood or pulp powder sample. The sample is microwave-digested using a solution of HF, HNO₃, and HCl before the analysis. The elements are then detected using the ICP-MS technique. Results are provided as milligrams per kilogram of the sample material.

Determination of Sb, As, Hg, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, and V from water samples with the ICP-MS technique. The concentration of each element is expressed in µg/l.

Determination of the total organic carbon content (TOC) in an ultrapure water sample. The sample must be collected in a TOC vial designed for ultrapure water. We can provide the required sample vessels upon request.

15N stable isotope analysis determines the content of 15N in a given sample material. The results are reported in the AIR, ‰-unit. The measurement is conducted with isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) techniques. The analysis is suitable for various sample materials. Don't hesitate to contact the method expert for more detailed information on the analysis.

ICP-MS elemental analysis for geological samples (rocks, ore, mining samples) with Four Acid digestion. The analysis includes the following elements: Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Ge, Hf, In, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Re, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Ta, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Zn and Zr The following rare earth elements (REE) are also included: Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sm, Tb, Tm, and Yb Lead (Pb) isotope analysis is available for an extra cost (20 €) The price does not include pretreatment, such as crushing or sieving. Additional logistics costs are billed if the sample weighs more than 5 kg.

Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) can be used to measure the composition of solid samples quantitatively at the surface as well as depth profiling. RBS is used for the analysis of heavy elements and can be combined with ToF-ERDA when lighter elements also need to be analyzed. Elements with similar mass can be difficult to differentiate.

Determination of Chromium-6 (Cr-VI) in soil, sediment, or sludge using an ion chromatographic method according to standard methods EN 15192 and EPA 3060A. The results of the analysis are reported in mg/kg d.m.

The measurement determines the content of dissolved silicon in ultrapure water using UV-Vis spectroscopy (molybdenum heteropolyblue method). The silicon detection limit is 0.7 ppb. The sample must be collected in a suitable sample container designed for ultrapure water. Measurlabs can provide the required sample vessels upon request.

ICP-OES heavy metal measurement for soil, sludge, or sediment samples. The assay includes the pre-treatment of the sample with aqua regia decomposition and the measurement of the following elements using the ICP-OES technique: Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn. The concentrations are expressed in mg/kg d.m. in the results. The analysis is also available with express delivery. Please request a quote from our experts.

Metal analysis package for a lignin sample including the following elements: Al, Cd, Co, Pb, Hg, P, Na, Zn, Sb, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mo, K, Ti, As, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Si and V. The analysis is performed with ICP.

Spark-OES is a commonly used method to determine the elemental composition of metals and alloys. The method provides a better alternative to other similar analysis techniques (ICP-OES, ICP-MS, XRF) due to its speed and low detection limits. All metallic elements and some non-metallic elements, such as C, N, and S, can be detected in the ppm range. The method is suitable for solid metal pieces with a minimum size of 1 x 1 cm. Sample preparation is included in the analysis.

Volumetric (static) or dynamic (pulse) chemisorption analysis by CO or H2. The method is mainly used to determine catalyst activity and active sites. When coupled with TPX (temperature programmed experiments, TPO, TPR, TPD), this method can give information about adsorbed species and surface species. Chemisorption can also be conducted with other reactive gases, please contact us for more information.

Analysis package for dietary supplements. All supplement products must comply with maximum levels for heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg), as specified in Commission Regulation (EU) No 2023/915. Microbiological quality should also be assessed to ensure high-risk pathogens do not end up in the product. The displayed price includes the following analyses: Heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb), Aerobic plate count, Yeasts and moulds, Escherichia coli, Coagulase-positive staphylococci, Salmonella in 25 g, Listeria monocytogenes in 25 g. Upon request, additional parameters can be added to the package at an additional cost. Commission Regulation (EU) No 2023/915 sets maximum levels for the following contaminants in certain supplement products: Citrinin in food supplements based on rice fermented with red yeast Monascus purpureus, Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food supplements containing botanical preparations, including extracts and pollen based food supplements, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH 4) in food supplements containing botanicals and their preparations, or propolius, royal jelly, spirulina, and their preparations. Other available analyses that can be relevant depending on product composition include: Additional microbiological parameters, such as presumptive Bacillus cereus, Mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins, Other plant alkaloids, such as tropane alkaloids and opium alkaloids, Pesticide residues, especially in supplements containing plant-based ingredients, Mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOSH/POSH and MOAH), Dioxins and PCBs, especially in supplements containing marine oils, Verification of the amount of active ingredients, such as vitamins, fatty acids, and amino acids. Contact us for more information.

Nutrient measurement package for soil, sludge, or sediment samples using the ICP-OES method. The price of the analysis includes the pre-treatment of the sample with aqua regia decomposition and the measurement of the following elements using the ICP-OES technique: Al, B, Bi, Ca, K, Mg, Na, S, Se, Si, Te, Ti, and Zr. The concentrations of the measured elements are expressed in mg/kg d.m. The analysis is also available with express delivery time. Ask for an offer from our expert.

Measurlabs offers tailor-made analysis packages for unidentified samples. Our experts will formulate the needed analysis package based on the information provided by the customer. The formulated package aims to provide sufficient information to identify the sample components and their quantities. Most typically, the following methods are used to analyze unknown substances: CHNOS elemental analysis and TGA: These methods will provide information on the sample composition, mainly if the sample is organic or inorganic and if it has one or more constituents. XRD, XRF, ICP, and IC: These methods will be used to provide more detailed qualitative and quantitative information on the inorganic constituents of the sample. 1H & 13C NMR, and GC/HPLC-MS: These methods are used to identify and quantify organic constituents. Our whole analysis catalog can be used to analyze the sample if required. Please contact our experts to start building the unknown sample analysis package designed specifically for your needs. Please also note that the stated required sample amount is the preferred amount. Analysis of smaller sample quantities can also be conducted.

Determination of metal concentrations on semiconductors (coated or uncoated wafers) using LA-ICP-MS. The standard analysis package includes the quantification of the following elements: Ca, Cr, Cu, Co, Er, Fe, Ge, Pb, Mn, Mo, Ni, K, Na, Sn, Ti, Ta, Zn, Bi, Au, Sn, V, Sr, and Y. We also offer a 70-element package, where the following elements are quantified; Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, I, In, Ir, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, Os, P, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Ru, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn, and Zr. Values will be reported in ppm (μg/g). Analysis of other elements outside of these packages may be possible. Contact us for details.

Quantitative mineralogical analysis by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) on bentonite samples to identify and quantify the concentration of occurring minerals. The analysis is performed according to EN 13925. The results of the analysis are expressed as percentages, for example: % of Smectite, % of Quartz, % of Calcite, % of Opal, % of Feldspar. The uncertainty of the measurement is 10–20%.

18O stable isotope analysis of oxygen determines the content of 18O in a given sample material. The results are reported in the VSMOW, ‰-unit. Measurement is conducted with isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) techniques. The analysis is suitable for various sample materials. The method expert will provide more detailed information about the analysis.

Determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen in solid biomass using the CHN method according to EN 15104 standard. The sample is combusted at high temperature (>900°C) in the presence of oxygen. Results are reported as a percentage (%) on a dry basis. The nitrogen content can be used to calculate the amount of protein in the material using a conversion factor (typically 6.25).