Laboratory testing services

Determination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen content of an organic sample. CHNS analysis (”LECO analysis”) is performed using a flash combustion method, where the sample is combusted under 25 kPa of O2 at an elevated temperature (1000 °C), followed by gas chromatography separation and detection using a thermal conductivity detector. Oxygen is analyzed by reduction on granulated carbon at 1480 °C, utilizing high-temperature thermal decomposition and conversion of oxygen into carbon monoxide before gas chromatography separation and detection with a thermal conductivity detector. The sample can be either solid or liquid, but water in the sample affects the results. In the case of aqueous samples, it is possible to dry the sample before analysis. The displayed price by includes the full CHNOS package with two parallel measurements and applies to conventional organic samples. The results are reported as wt-% of the initial sample. The ash, drying and dry loss measurements will increase the minimum required sample material need to 300 mg. The analysis gives the total carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen content of the material, but it does not identify any chemical structures. The measurement can be combined with other methods, such as GC-MS, 1H, and 13C NMR, to perform substance structure identification. Analysis can be split into the following packages: CHN, O, and S.

Determination of microplastics in water samples with higher particulate loads with microspectroscopic methods. Generally, µFTIR is the preferred method for these matrices. Please discuss with a testing expert if you're interested in analysis with the µRaman method. The results will specify different types of polymers by size, for example, 10–50 µm, 50–100 µm, 100–500 µm, and >500 µm. This analysis is suitable for water samples with relatively high particulate loads, such as typical wastewater and environmental/natural waters. The analysis can be adapted to special water matrices (process water, industrial water, samples with very high particle loads or fibers, etc.), but this may incur extra costs.

Determination of microplastic content in clean water samples with vibrational spectroscopy methods. The analytical report will list different types of polymers detected and their distribution by size. There are two options for how the analysis can be conducted: Accredited analysis with µFTIR spectroscopy according to ISO/DIS 16094-2 (capable of detecting particles from 10 µm to 5,000 µm), Accredited in-house µRaman spectroscopy method (capable of detecting particles from 1 μm to 5,000 µm). Please let us know the preferred approach when requesting an offer. The method applies to water with low particle load, such as clean drinking water or ultrapure water, as it does not include digestion pre-treatment. Please note that natural or environmental water samples are usually not suitable for this method due to the possible presence of higher amounts of solid particles. See microplastic analysis of natural water or wastewater instead, or just request a quote from our experts.

We offer customizable analysis packages to determine the composition and contamination level of sediment samples according to the EU Water Framework Directive, Environmental Quality Standards Directive, and national environmental monitoring regulations. Our services cover standard physical and chemical quality parameters, as well as extensive pollutant screening. One of our basic analysis packages includes the following determinations: Dry matter, Heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn), Organotin compounds (tributyltin and triphenyltin), Dioxins and furans (PCDD/PCDF), PCB compounds, PAH compounds, Clay content and grain size distribution (11 fractions), Loss on ignition (LOI), Hydrocarbons C10–C40, Total nitrogen, Nitrate and nitrate nitrogen, Nitrite and nitrite nitrogen, Ammonium nitrogen, Total phosphorus, Soluble phosphorus, Total organic carbon (TOC). Other parameters can be added to the analysis package upon request, with examples including PFAS compounds, additional metals, and microplastics. Similarly, unnecessary parameters can be removed. We can also help organize the sampling through our partner, an environmental consultancy with 20+ years of experience in sediment sampling in the Baltic Sea region. However, this service is not included in the analysis price. The pricing of the analysis depends on the selected parameters and the number of samples delivered at once. The price range shown here is the estimated price for the analysis package presented above. Please contact our experts for more information and a quote customized to your analysis project.

Karl Fischer titration is a classic titration method in chemical analysis that uses coulometric or volumetric titration to determine trace amounts of water in a sample. Please note that aldehydes and/or ketones in the sample severely disturb the KF titration. If the sample material includes these substances, please contact us before making an order.

This metal screening analysis includes the semi-quantitative determination of 70 elements. The method can be used, for example, to determine the background concentrations of metals in environmental samples or to study the elemental distribution of unknown samples. Screening is also often performed to assess which metals should be analyzed by a quantitative method. The measurement is performed using a high-resolution ICP-MS technique (ICP-SFMS), which can identify very low elemental concentrations. A semi-quantitative determination of the following elements is included: Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, I, Ir, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, Os, P, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Ru, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn and Zr. However, please note that some elements may not be determinable due to matrix interference. During this semi-quantitative analysis, the instrument is calibrated for about 30 elements and the rest of the analytes are quantified using sensitivity factors for calibrated elements with similar mass and first ionization potential considering isotope abundances. Quantitative analysis is also available at an additional price. During this analysis, all elements are calibrated (excluding halogens and Os). Please ask for an offer for this service.

Determination of total organic carbon (TOC) content of water samples. The results of the analysis will be reported in mg/l.

ICP-OES measurement package for soil, sludge, or sediment samples. Pre-treatment of the sample with aqua regia decomposition is included in the price. The following elements are quantified using the ICP-OES technique: Ag, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Tl, V, and Zn. The concentrations are expressed in mg/kg d.m. Also, nutrient measurement package for soil, sludge, or sediment samples using the ICP-OES method. This package includes the analysis includes the pre-treatment of the sample with aqua regia decomposition and the measurement of the following elements using the ICP-OES technique: Al, B, Bi, Ca, K, Mg, Na, S, Se, Si, Te, Ti, and Zr. The analysis is also available with an express turnaround time. Ask our experts for more information. More specific packages, such as heavy metals or nutrients, can also be provided for soil, sediment, or sludge samples.

Determination of Be, Ba, Co, Al, Mg, Cu, Li, Mn, Ag, Sn, Ti, V, Zn, Tl, B, Hg, Mo, Fe, Ca, K, U, P, Cd, Na, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb, As, and Se in water samples with ICP-MS-technique. The sample is homogenized and acidified (HNO3), after which the analysis is performed from the liquid phase. The displayed price applies to natural waters. (for example, river or lake water) If the sample contains a lot of solids or the matrix is significantly different from natural water (for example, wastewater and industrial waters), different analysis methods need to be used. The concentration of each element is reported in µg/l.

We offer two methods for determining the total fluorine (TF) content of combustible materials: Accredited EN 14582 method, based on combustion ion chromatography (CIC). This is the default approach, recommended by the Nordic Council of Ministers as a quick and powerful total fluorine screening technique., EN 15408 mod. method using oxygen bomb combustion treatment followed by ion chromatography (IC). This method can be applied to plastic sheets and granules, and it is also possible to determine the total content of S, Cl, and Br. Please let us know if you wish to use this method.. The displayed starting price includes an analysis according to EN 14582, with sample preparation (air drying and milling of the sample to particles smaller than 1 mm) included.

The measurement determines ten common plastic types (PE, PP, PS, ABS, PVC, PET, PC, PMMA, PA6, PA66) with pyrolysis-GC/MS. In the method, microplastics are separated from the sample and reported in µg/l of individual polymer types and as a sum of all particles. An additional analysis of rubber particles (BR, NR, SBR) can be performed at an extra cost. This product is suitable for typical turbid water samples and wastewater samples only. We also offer microplastics analysis of clean water and sediment, soil, or sludge.

Measurement to determine ten common plastic types (PE, PP, PS, ABS, PVC, PET, PC, PMMA, PA6, PA66) with pyrolysis-GC/MS. In the method, microplastics are separated from the sample and reported in µg/l of individual polymer types and as a sum of all particles. Rubber particles (BR, NR, SBR) can be added to the analysis at an extra cost. This product is suitable only for clean water samples. If you need testing for other sample types, see microplastics in typical wastewater samples and soil, sediment, or sludge.

Determination of particle size distribution (PSD) by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Analysis can be done from dispersions or solids that can be dispersed in water or organic solvents. The method is suitable for particle sizes from 0.4 nm to 10 µm.

Determination of bromide, fluoride, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, and sulfate (Br-, F-, Cl-, NO2-, NO3- ja SO42-) in soil, sludge, sediment, and water samples with ion chromatography. For soil, sludge, and sediment, the analysis is carried out after a water extraction. Ask about the price for other solid matrices and more challenging aqueous matrices. Please store the samples in refrigerated conditions and in gas-sealed containers.

Analysis to determine the concentrations of organic substances (pharmaceuticals and drug precursors) listed in the revised Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (EU) 2024/3019. The analysis includes eight substances that can be very easily treated: Amisulprid (CAS: 71675-85-9), Carbamazepine (CAS: 298-46-4), Citalopram (CAS: 59729-33-8), Clarithromycin (CAS: 81103-11-9), Diclofenac (CAS: 15307-86-5), Hydrochlorothiazide (CAS: 58-93-5), Metoprolol (CAS: 37350-58-6), Venlafaxine (CAS: 93413-69-5). And four substances that can be easily disposed of: Benzotriazole (CAS: 95-14-7), Candesartan (CAS: 139481-59-7), Irbesartan (CAS: 138402-11-6), Mixture of 4-Methylbenzotriazole (CAS No 29878-31-7) and 6-methyl-benzotriazole (CAS No 136-85-6). This method is suitable for wastewater samples with low total solids and dissolved solids content. Please check the suitability of the sample matrix with the testing expert when requesting an offer.

We offer several PFAS analysis packages for drinking water and natural water samples, with options to meet a range of requirements in terms of detectable compounds, detection limits, and standard methods. All analyses are performed using highly sensitive liquid chromatography methods, such as LC-MS/MS and LC-MS QQQ. Some of the most popular packages for drinking water include the following:  Analysis according to the EU Drinking Water Directive 2020/2184, including the 20 compounds listed under the “Sum of PFAS” parameter. A low-detection-limit option with a LOD of 1.5 ng/l for PFBA and 0.5 ng/l for the other compounds is available, performed according to ISO 21675. , Standard analyses according to several widely recognized PFAS testing standards:  CEN/TS 15968 (51 compounds, reporting limit 0.3–2 ng/l), EPA 1633 (40 compounds, reporting limit from 1.5 ng/l), EPA 533 (25 compounds, reporting limit 2 ng/l)., Extended analysis of 57 selected compounds with an in-house method similar to EPA 533 or ISO 21675. The detection limit is 1 ng/l for the majority of target PFAS.. Target compound lists for each analysis are available upon request. Apart from the EU Drinking Water Directive analysis, all packages can be adapted for natural water matrices. However, if you have samples that are known to be highly contaminated, please see our options for PFAS analysis of wastewater and highly contaminated water. Projects are priced based on the selected method and the number of samples submitted in one batch. Please describe your analysis goals and any specific requirements when requesting an offer, so that our experts can prepare an accurate quote.

The analysis determines the concentration of substances listed in Annex I to Directive (EU) 2024/3019 on urban wastewater treatment. Substances that can be very easily treated: Amisulprid (CAS: 71675-85-9), Carbamazepine (CAS: 298-46-4), Citalopram (CAS: 59729-33-8), Clarithromycin (CAS: 81103-11-9), Diclofenac (CAS: 15307-86-5), Hydrochlorothiazide (CAS: 58-93-5), Metoprolol (CAS: 37350-58-6), Venlafaxine (CAS: 93413-69-5). Substances that can be easily disposed of: Benzotriazole (CAS: 95-14-7), Candesartan (CAS: 139481-59-7), Irbesartan (CAS: 138402-11-6), 4-Methylbenzotriazole (CAS No 29878-31-7), 5-methyl-benzotriazole (CAS No 136-85-6), The sum of 4-Methylbenzotriazole & 5-methyl-benzotriazole can be reported if requested. More compounds can be added to the analysis package upon request. This analysis is intended for untreated wastewater. We also offer an analysis with the same target analytes for treated wastewater to determine how effectively the substances are removed during the treatment process. Read more about the testing requirements imposed by the new Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive here.

GC-MS analysis of 16 PAH compounds, which are listed as high-priority pollutants by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The analyzed PAH compounds are: naphthalene [CAS: 91-20-3], acenaphthylene [CAS: 208-96-8], acenaphthene [CAS: 83-32-9], fluorene [CAS: 86-73-7], phenanthrene [CAS: 85-01-8], anthracene [CAS: 120-12-7], fluoranthene [CAS: 206-44-0], pyrene [CAS: 129-00-0], benz(a)anthracene [CAS: 56-55-3], chrysene [CAS: 218-01-9], benzo(b)fluoranthene [CAS: 205-99-2], benzo(k)fluoranthene [CAS: 207-08-9], benzo (a) pyrene [CAS: 50-32-8], dibenzo(ah)anthracene [CAS: 53-70-3], benzo (ghi) perylene [CAS: 191-24-2], indeno (123cd) pyrene [CAS: 193-39-5].

Chemical components of a solid sample material are identified using Raman spectroscopy. The analysis is suitable for inorganic and organic samples, excluding metals and alloys.

Microplastics analysis with µFTIR directly from a suitable filter. The preferred filter is Anodisc filter discs (0.2 μm pore size, 25 mm diameter). The displayed price does not include any pretreatment or other additional steps. Please let us know if you are planning to use another filter type when requesting an offer, so that we can confirm its suitability for the analysis. The results of the analysis will specify different types of polymers by size, for example, 10–50 µm, 50–100 µm, 100–500 µm, and >500 µm.

Lignin sample ash content measurement at 525°C. The result is expressed as a mass percentage of the ash from the initial sample on a dry matter basis.

The following analyses are included in this nanoparticle analysis package, intended to characterize nanoforms according to the REACH Regulation. Particle size distribution and aspect ratios by SEM-EDX Preparation with isopropanol, Sample dispersion on a slide, with centrifugation, SEM analysis and particle count by image analysis, Nanoparticle detection and classification according to the 2022 EC recommendation on the definition of nanomaterial, Reporting of PSD parameters for ~300 particles, including the following: PSD diagram, accumulated and individual., Feret min (min, d10, d25, d50, d75, d90, d95, max), Feret max (min, d10, d25, d50, d75, d90, d95, max), Equivalent circular diameter (min, d10, d25, d50, d75, d90, d95, max), Aspect ratio (calculated based on individual Feret min and Feret max measurements), Number based nano-fraction (%).. Crystal phase analysis by XRD/Rietveld method Sample preparation: drying, grinding, X-ray preparation, XRD analysis over an angular range extending from 10° to 90°, Identification of the crystalline phases present in the sample, Semi-quantitative analysis of phase distribution, using the Rietveld method, Interpretation of diffractograms. Chemical composition/purity by ICP-AES and CHNS analysis ICP-AES quantification of inorganic and metallic elements: Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Se, Sb, Si, Sn, Sr, V, Zn, Ti, and Tl, Determination of C, H, N, and S with an elemental analyzer. Volume-specific surface area (VSSA) and VSSA diameter calculations (optional) BET specific surface area measurement of powder by nitrogen adsorption, True (skeletal) density measurement by He pycnometry, excluding intergranular and intragranular porosity, Both analyses include sample preparation. You can request a quote for the analysis using the form below. Please note that the OECD 125 guideline does not apply to this analysis.

Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (py-GC-MS) analysis to determine the identity of an unknown polymer sample. During the measurement, the sample is instantaneously heated in an inert atmosphere or vacuum. This causes the sample to decompose into smaller molecular fragments which are then analyzed with GC-MS. Different types of polymers can be identified by their unique decomposition products. This includes, but is not limited to: PE, PP, PS, ABS, PMMA, PET, PC, PVC, polyamides, natural & synthetic rubbers, and more. The price includes the basic preparation and qualitative analysis of the sample. More extensive sample preparation pr quantitative analyses are subject to additional costs.

Determination of microplastics in biological samples of animal origin using FTIR microspectroscopy. The results of the analysis will specify different types of polymers by size. The smallest detectable particle size is typically 10 µm. These projects are always handled on a case-by-case basis. Please contact our experts using the form below to discuss the suitability of the analysis for your samples.

Determination of microplastics in soil, sludge, or sediment using µRaman or µFTIR spectroscopy. The results will specify different types of polymers by size, for example, 1–50 µm, 50–100 µm, 100–500 µm, and >500 µm. Due to the challenging matrix, suitable sample preparation steps need to be selected on a case-by-case basis. Please describe your samples in detail when requesting an offer, so that we can provide an accurate quote.

Analysis of ten common plastic types (PE, PP, PS, ABS, PVC, PET, PC, PMMA, PA6, PA66) with pyrolysis-GC/MS. Microplastics are separated from the sample and reported in µg/l of individual polymer types and as a sum of all particles. Also, an analysis of rubber particles (BR, NR, SBR) can be performed for an extra fee. This measurement is suitable for typical sediment, soil, and sludge samples only. We also offer the following analyses for other sample types: Microplastics in clean water by py-GC/MS, Microplastics in wastewater by py-GC/MS.

Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil or sediment samples. This wide analysis package includes the following 53 PFAS compounds: Abbreviation Compound Reporting limit PFBA Perfluorobutanoic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFPeA Perfluoropentanoic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFHxA Perfluorohexanoic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFHpA Perfluoroheptanoic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFOA Perfluorooctanoic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFNA Perfluorononanoic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFDA Perfluorodecanoic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFUnDA Perfluoroundecanoic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFDoDA Perfluorododecanoic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFTrDA Perfluorotridecanoic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFOS Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFHxS Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm 6:2 FTS 6:2 fluorotelomersulfonic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm 8:2 FTS 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm EtFOSA N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide 0.5 µg/kg dm EtFOSE N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol 0.5 µg/kg dm MeFOSA N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide 0.5 µg/kg dm MeFOSE N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoethanol 0.5 µg/kg dm PFOSA Perfluorooctanesulfonamide 0.5 µg/kg dm PFTeDA Perfluorotetradecanoic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFBS Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFHpS Perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFDS Perfluorodecanesulfonic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFHxDA Perfluorohexadecanoic acid 5 µg/kg dm PFOcDA Perfluorooctadecanoic acid 5 µg/kg dm PFPrS Perfluoropropanesulfonic acid 2.5 µg/kg dm PFNS Perfluorononanesulfonic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFUnDS Perfluoroundecane sulfonic acid 2.5 µg/kg dm PFDoDS Perfluorododecanesulfonic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFTrDS Perfluorotridecane sulfonic acid 2.5 µg/kg dm 4:2 FTS 4:2 fluorotelomersulfonic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm 10:2 FTS 10:2 fluorotelomersulfonic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PFOSAA Perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm MeFOSAA N-methylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm EtFOSAA N-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm HPFHpA 7H-Perfluoroheptanoic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm PF-3,7-DMOA Perfluoro-3,7-dimethyloctanoic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm 9Cl-PF3ONS 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm 11Cl-PF3OUdS 11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm DONA 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm HFPO-DA 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid 2.5 µg/kg dm H4PFUnDA 2H,2H,3H,3H-Perfluoroundecanoic acid 5 µg/kg dm 7:3 FTCA 2H,2H,3H,3H-Perfluorodecanoic acid 5 µg/kg dm 8:2 FTCA 2H,2H-Perfluorodecanoic acid 5 µg/kg dm PFMPA Perfluoro-3-methoxypropanoic acid 2.5 µg/kg dm PFMBA Perfluoro-4-methoxybutanoic acid 2.5 µg/kg dm PFEESA Perfluoro(2-ethoxyethane)sulfonic acid 2.5 µg/kg dm PFECHS Perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexanesulfonic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm 3:3 FTCA 2H,2H,3H,3H-Perfluorohexanoic acid 2.5 µg/kg dm 6:2 FTCA 2H,2H-Perfluorooctanoic acid 5 µg/kg dm 5:3 FTCA 2H,2H,3H,3H-Perfluorooctanoic acid 5 µg/kg dm 6:2 FTUCA 2H-Perfluoro-2-octenoic acid 5 µg/kg dm 8:2 FTUCA 2H-Perfluoro-2-decenoic acid 0.5 µg/kg dm To evaluate the total amount of PFAS compounds in the sample, this targeted screening can be combined with an analysis of total organic fluorine (TOF). Do not hesitate to ask us for more information and a quote.

Particle size distribution (PSD) is determined from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The method is most suitable for small particles of 50 nm or smaller. Depending on particle shapes, the method includes calculating the diameters or lengths and widths of particles. In addition to size, TEM provides qualitative information about the surface morphology of the particles. TEM is a good option for irregularly shaped and non-spherical particles such as fibers, rods, and crystals that cannot be characterized meaningfully with traditional methods, including laser diffraction (LD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). As a result of the analysis, TEM images and the determined particle size distribution for diameter (or length and width) are delivered. Dry samples are suitable for TEM as is. If the particles are wet or dispersed in a solvent, the sample may be dried with a suitable sample preparation method before imaging.

Chromatographic analysis of 16 PAH compounds, listed as high-priority pollutants by US EPA. The analyzed PAH compounds are: Naphthalene (CAS: 91-20-3), Acenaphthylene (CAS: 208-96-8), Acenaphthene (CAS: 83-32-9), Fluorene (CAS: 86-73-7), Phenanthrene (CAS: 85-01-8), Anthracene (CAS: 120-12-7), Fluoranthene (CAS: 206-44-0), Pyrene (CAS: 129-00-0), Benzo[a]anthracene (CAS: 56-55-3), Chrysene (CAS: 218-01-9), Benzo[b]fluoranthene (CAS: 205-99-2), Benzo[k]fluoranthene (CAS: 207-08-9), Benzo[a]pyrene (CAS: 50-32-8), Benzo[ghi]perylene (CAS: 191-24-2), Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene (CAS: 193-39-5), Dibenz[a,h]anthracene (CAS: 53-70-3). The test is accredited for water samples. Please confirm suitability for other liquids from our method expert.

Solvent purity assay with GC-FID and Karl Fischer techniques. Determination is performed by analyzing the sample with GC-FID and comparing the area of the solvent signal to the combined area of all peaks. The concentration of the solvent in the sample is expressed as a percentage (%). Karl Fischer titration is used to determine the amount of water in the sample.

With this analysis, the volatile organic compounds (VOC) present in a biogas sample can be quantified. Typically, the boiling range of the detected VOCs is 60-280 °C. Samples are collected using a pump and an adsorbent tube. The analysis employs a GC-MS method and utilizes external standard materials and mass-spectrum libraries to identify and quantify the compounds. Samples to be delivered in gas sampling bags (2 liters in volume). The cylinder gas samples will include additional logistics fees.

Determination of selected volatile organic compounds (VOC) in water using the GC-MS and GC-FID techniques. Analysis can be conducted according to the following standard methods: EPA 624, EPA 5021A, EPA 8260, EPA 8015, EN ISO 10301, ISO 11423-1, and EN ISO 15680 The results of the analysis are reported in µg/L. Analysis includes the following analytes: Analyte: Reporting limits: chloromethane 1 µg/l bromomethane 1 µg/l dichloromethane 0.1 µg/l dibromimetaani 1 µg/l bromochloromethane 2 µg/l trichloromethane (chloroform) 0.1 µg/l tribromomethane (bromoform) 0.2 µg/l bromodichloromethane 0.1 µg/l dibromochloromethane 0.1 µg/l sum 4 trihalometanit 0.5 µg/l tetrachloromethane 0.1 µg/l trichlorofluoromethane 1 µg/l dichlorodifluoromethane 1 µg/l monochloroethane 1 µg/l 1,1-dichloroethane 0.1 µg/l 1,2-dichloroethane 0.1 µg/l 1,2-dibromietaani 0.5 µg/l 1,1,1-trichloroethane 0.1 µg/l 1,1,2-trichloroethane 0.1 µg/l 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane 0.1 µg/l 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 1 µg/l vinyl chloride 0.1 µg/l 1,1-dichloroethene 0.1 µg/l cis-1,2-dichloroethene 0.1 µg/l trans-1,2-dichloroethene 0.1 µg/l amount of 1,2-dichloroethene 0.2 µg/l trichloroethylene 0.1 µg/l sum of 11 chlorinated hydrocarbons 1.1 µg/l tetrachloroethene 0.1 µg/l Sum of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene 0.2 µg/l sum 5 chlorinated ethylenes 0.5 µg/l 1,2-dichloropropane 1 µg/l 1,3-dichloropropane 1 µg/l 2,2-dichloropropane 1 µg/l 1,2,3-trichloropropane 1 µg/l 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane 1 µg/l 1,1-dichloro-1-propene 1 µg/l cis-1,3-dichloro-1-propene 1 µg/l trans-1,3-dichloropropene 1 µg/l hexachlorobutadiene 1 µg/l 2-chlorotoluene 1 µg/l 4-chlorotoluene 1 µg/l monochlorobenzene 0.1 µg/l bromobenzene 1 µg/l 1,2-dichlorobenzene 0.1 µg/l 1,3-dichlorobenzene 0.1 µg/l 1,4-dichlorobenzene 0.1 µg/l amount of 3 dichlorobenzene 0.3 µg/l 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene 0.1 µg/l 1,2,4- trichlorobenzene 0.1 µg/l 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene 0.1 µg/l amount of 3 trichlorobenzene 0.4 µg/l benzene 0.1 µg/l toluene 0.5 µg/l ethylbenzene 0.1 µg/l o-xylene 0.1 µg/l m/p-xylene 0.2 µg/l sum of xylenes 0.3 µg/l summa BTEX 1 µg/l board one 0.2 µg/l isopropylbenzene 1 µg/l n-propylbenzene 1 µg/l 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 1 µg/l 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 1 µg/l n-butylbenzene 1 µg/l sec-butylbenzene 1 µg/l tert-butylbenzene 1 µg/l p-isopropyltoluene 1 µg/l naphthalene 1 µg/l Diisopropyl ether (DIPE) 0.6 µg/l ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) 0.2 µg/l MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) 0.2 µg/l tert-amyl ethyl ether (TAEE) 0.2 µg/l TAME 0.2 µg/l tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) 5 µg/l ethanol 100 µg/l A customized offer can also be prepared if you are interested in analyzing only individual compounds from a sample. Suitable sample containers for analysis can be ordered through us. Sample containers picked up from Measurlabs are included in the price of the analysis, but sample containers can also be shipped to the customer for a separate fee.

Quantification of 35 PFAS compounds in blood samples using a modified EPA 537 method with UPLC-MS/MS and an isotope dilution technique. A list of target compounds is available upon request. The results are reported in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). If required, a sample kit can be provided for an additional charge. The kit includes an insulated shipping box, a bio bag, a Falcon tube, and blood draw tubes.

Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive chemical analysis technique used for the identification of chemical components in a sample. This analysis is suitable for inorganic and organic liquid samples.

Total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay can be used when estimating the presence of PFAS precursors and intermediates by oxidizing them into stable end-products. The analysis can be combined with traditional PFAS analysis methods to obtain additional information. The following are examples of compounds that can be analyzed: Abbreviation Compound CAS number PFBA perfluorobutanoic acid 375-22-4 PFPeA perfluoropentanoic acid 2706-90-3 PFHxA perfluorohexanoic acid 307-24-4 PFHpA perfluoroheptanoic acid 375-85-9 PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid 335-67-1 PFNA perfluorononanoic acid 375-95-1 PFDA perfluorodecanoic acid 335-76-2 PFUnA; PFUdA perfluoroundecanoic acid 2058-94-8 PFDoA perfluorododecanoic acid 307-55-1 PFTrDA; PFTriA perfluorotridecanoic acid 72629-94-8 PFTeA perfluorotetradecanoic acid 376-06-7 PFHxDA perfluorohexadecanoic acid 67905-19-5 PFODA perfluorooctadecanoic acid 16517-11-6 PFBS perfluorobutanesulfonic acid 375-73-5 PFPeS perfluoropentanesulfonic acid 2706-91-4 PFHxS perfluorohexanesulfonic acid 355-46-4 PFHpS perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid 375-92-8 PFOS perfluorooctanesulfonic acid 1763-23-1 PFNS Perfluorononanesulfonic acid 68259-12-1 PFDS perfluorodecanesulfonic acid 335-77-3 PFUnDS perfluoroundecanesulfonic acid 749786-16-1 PFDoS perfluorododecanesulfonic acid 79780-39-5 HFPO-DA (Gen X) 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid 13252-13-6 HFPO-TA perfluoro-2,5-dimethyl-3,6-dioxanonanoic acid 13252-14-7 DONA; ADONA 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid 919005-14-4 PFMOPrA perfluoro-3-methoxypropanoic acid 377-73-1 NFDHA perfluoro-3,6-dioxaheptanoic acid 151772-58-6 PFMOBA perfluoro-4-methoxybutanoic acid 863090-89-5 PFecHS cyclohexanesulfonic acid, 1,2,2,3,3,4,5,5,6,6-decafluoro-4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-, potassium salt (1:1) 335-24-0 3:3 FTCA 2H,2H,3H,3H-perfluorohexanoic acid 356-02-5 5:3 FTCA 2H,2H,3H,3H-perfluorooctanoic acid 914637-49-3 7:3 FTCA 2H,2H,3H,3H-perfluorodecanoic acid 812-70-4 PFEESA perfluoro(2-ethoxyethane)sulfonic acid 113507-82-7 6:2 Cl-PFESA; 9Cl-PF3ONS 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid 756426-58-1 8:2 Cl-PFESA; 11Cl-PF3OUdS 11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonic acid 763051-92-9 4:2 FTSA; 4:2 FTS 4:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid 757124-72-4 6:2 FTSA; 6:2 FTS 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid 27619-97-2 8:2 FTSA; 8:2 FTS 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid 39108-34-4 FBSA perfluorobutane sulfonamide 30334-69-1 FHxSA perfluorohexanesulfonamide 41997-13-1 FOSA perfluorooctanesulfonamide 754-91-6 MeFOSA; N-MeFOSA n-methylperfluorooctanesulfonamide 31506-32-8 EtFOSA; N-EtFOSA n-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamide 4151-50-2 MeFOSE n-methylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethanol 24448-09-7 EtFOSE n-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethanol 1691-99-2 NMeFOSAA; MeFOSAA n-methylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid 2355-31-9 NEtFOSAA; EtFOSAA n-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid 2991-50-6 FOSAA perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid 2806-24-8 10:2 FTS 10:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid 108026-35-3 The analysis is suitable for different matrices, such as water and fire-fighting foams. Contact us for more information and a quote for analyzing your samples.

Analysis to screen a material for the presence of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The test is performed with a pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (py-GC-MS) according to the ISO 7270-1 standard. The sample is pyrolyzed, which is followed by separation and identification with GC-MS. The obtained pyrogram is then compared to a blank sample that does not contain any fire retardants. We also offer the analysis for electrotechnical products as per IEC 62321-6. Please ask our experts for more information about this option.

Volumetric (static) or dynamic (pulse) chemisorption analysis by CO or H2. The method is mainly used to determine catalyst activity and active sites. When coupled with TPX (temperature programmed experiments, TPO, TPR, TPD), this method can give information about adsorbed species and surface species. Chemisorption can also be conducted with other reactive gases, please contact us for more information.

Our δ18O (delta 18O) stable isotope analysis determines the ratio of 18O to 16O in a given sample material by a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). The results are reported as per mille (‰) deviations of the ratio of the two isotopes in comparison to a standard reference material. We have more than 30 IAEA, USGS, and in-house isotopic standards available to accommodate a wide range of expected ratios. The price and turnaround time displayed apply to conventional sample matrices. The analysis is suitable for a wide range of materials, including, but not limited to, those listed in the table below. All of our stable isotope analyses are conducted by ISO 17025-accredited facilities. Please contact us using the form below to arrange testing for your samples.

Our δ2H (δD) stable isotope analysis determines the ratio of 2H to 1H (deuterium to protium) in a given sample material by a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). The results are reported per mille (‰), measuring the deviation of the ratio of the isotopes in comparison to a standard reference material. More than 30 IAEA, USGS, and in-house isotopic standards are available to accommodate a wide range of expected ratios. The price and turnaround time displayed apply to conventional sample matrices. The analysis is suitable for a wide range of sample materials, including, but not limited to: water, sediment, soil, plant tissue, animal tissue, bone, and other organic materials. All of our stable isotope analyses are conducted by ISO 17025-accredited facilities. Please contact us using the form below to arrange testing on your samples.

Identification of chemical groups in aqueous solutions using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results will be delivered as raw data and spectra. A batch includes the analysis of 1–3 samples.

Our targeted PFAS analysis options for wastewater, process water, and other highly contaminated water samples include the following:  In-house method based on EPA 1633 with 49 target compounds and a reporting limit of 1-2 ng/l. The analysis is suitable for both treated and untreated wastewater and is often used when evaluating the PFAS-removal efficiency of the treatment process. , Official EPA 1633 method that targets the 40 compounds specified in the standard. The price for this measurement is slightly higher than that for the in-house method., In-house method based on EPA 533 or ISO 21675 with 57 target compounds and a reporting limit of 0.2 ng/l for most compounds. . Please note that the reporting limits can be higher for extremely contaminated samples. Full target compound lists for each method are available upon request. When requesting an offer, please describe the expected contamination level of your samples and any specific requirements regarding testing standards or target compounds. This helps us confirm method suitability and prepare an accurate quote.

Analysis of gaseous samples using Raman spectroscopy.

We have various testing services available for ultrapure water. Pricing depends on the selected parameters and the number of samples. Please contact Measurlabs to get an offer. Note that we will provide suitable shipping containers based on the analyses that are ordered. Trace elements by ICP-MS For the determination of elemental impurities, we offer a basic 36-element and an extended 67-element package. The basic package includes the following 36 elements: Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Tl, Pb, and Bi. The extended analysis includes the following elements in addition to the basic package: Ce, Cs, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Hf, Ho, In, Ir, La, Lu, Hg, Nd, Os, Pd, Pr, Re, Rh, Rb, Ru, Sm, Sc, Se, Te, Tb, Th, Tm, U, Yb, and Y. Reporting limits depend on the element and specific sample matrix, but typically vary between 0.001 ppb and 0.6 ppb. For this analysis, samples must be delivered in Teflon containers. Hardness Hardness value can be calculated based on the ICP-MS results. Silicon and silica (Si, SiO2) Our service catalog includes the determination of total, dissolved, and colloidal silica (SiO2). Total silicon is analyzed using the ICP-OES technique, and dissolved silicon by UV-VIS (molybdenum heteropoly blue method). Colloidal silica is calculated as the difference between total silica and dissolved silica. Total organic and inorganic carbon (TOC and TIC) We offer TOC determination for ultrapure water samples with a 5 ppb quantification limit. For this analysis, samples must be delivered in certified 40 ml TOC vials. Total inorganic carbon (TIC) analysis can also be performed using a TOC analyzer. Anions by ion chromatography (IC) For anions, we have a basic package and a separate package for organic anions. The basic package includes the following anions: bromide(Br⁻), chloride (Cl⁻), fluoride (F⁻), nitrate (NO₃⁻), nitrite (NO₂⁻), phosphate (PO₄³⁻), and sulfate (SO₄²⁻). Analysis of organic anions includes: acetate, formate, glycolate, propionate, and butyrate. Reporting limits depend on the anion and sample matrix, but typically vary between 0.02 and 1 ppb for basic anions and are around 25 ppb for organic anions. For this analysis, samples must be delivered in HDPE bottles. Cations by ion chromatography (IC) The analysis package for cations includes the determination of the following cations: ammonium (NH4+), calcium (Ca2+), lithium (Li+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), and sodium (Na+). Reporting limits typically vary between 2 ppb and 5 ppb. Samples must be delivered in HDPE bottles. PFAS compounds (24 compounds) Analysis includes PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, and 20 other selected PFAS compounds. The complete list of compounds can be provided upon request. The reporting limit is typically 1 ng/L. The sample must be delivered in a plastic PFAS-free bottle, preferably made from HDPE.