Hot-stage microscopy (HSM)

Hot-stage microscopy (HSM) analysis enables the direct visualization of materials under controlled temperature conditions. Capabilities include:

• Examining compound morphology and particle characteristics.

• Observing solid-solid transformations, melting/liquefaction, solidification, sublimation, and evaporation.

• Monitoring how different compounds interact, dissolve, or react with each other.

• Tracking crystal growth and growth rates.

• Utilizing the Kofler mixed fusion method for salt/co-crystal screening.

• Observing oxidation and other chemical reactions as they occur under heat.

The results will include microscope pictures and video showing the transitions during heating.

Measurement specifications:

• Temperature range: 25 °C to 375 °C

• Humidity control: 5–90% RH

Instrument details:

The instrument set-up comprises a heating stage (hot stage) with a sample holder, coupled with a polarized-light microscope and a system that allows temperature measurements and video/picture recording.