Aerobic biodegradation in soil

Exposure in QUV accelerated artificial weathering, including measurement of L* a* b* color coordinates and calculation of ΔE*ab.

1000 hours of exposure in QSUN xenon-arc chamber with filter Daylight Q (daylight SPD)

X-Ray Reflectometry (XRR) analysis is used to measure the density (g/cm3), thickness (nm), and roughness (nm) of thin films. The method is applicable to the characterization of single- or multilayered thin films, as it provides information on the thickness and density of individual layers of the sample material as well as the roughness of the interphases. Greatest accuracy for XRR thickness measurements is generally achieved for samples containing 1-150 nm thick surface layers with under 5 nm RMS roughness. Thicker films and coatings with rougher surfaces can also be characterized, but the accuracy of thickness determination decreases as the thickness and roughness of the film or film stack increase. >150 mm wafers are typically cut to fit the sample holder. Please let us know if you need testing for larger wafers that cannot be cut into pieces. The available temperature range for XRR measurements is 25-1100 °C, and crystallinity can be studied as a function of temperature. The measurements can be performed under a normal atmosphere, inert gas, or vacuum. Measurements are typically performed using one of the following instruments: Rigaku SmartLab, Panalytical X'Pert Pro MRD, Bruker D8 Discover. Please let us know if you have a preference for a specific instrument.

This test is designed to measure the oxygen transmission rate of finished packages, including cups, bottles, trays, and containers. Two replica measurements are included in the displayed price. Temperature can be adjusted from 15 to 55 °C, and relative humidity can be either 0% or between 5 and 90% RH. This test is not suitable for films. Please see the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of films and sheeting if you need testing for film samples. Please specify the sample dimensions and testing conditions upon ordering.

We offer comprehensive test packages for verifying the quality of type II and type IIR face masks according to the EN 14683 standard. The tests included in the packages are required to label face masks with the CE marking. Medical face masks are divided into Types I and II according to their bacterial filtration efficiency. Type I masks are not intended for healthcare professionals, but for the public to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Type II masks are further classified based on whether they are splash-resistant (Type IIR) or not (Type II). To comply with the European Standard EN 14683, Type II face masks must undergo the following quality tests: Bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) - The ability of the face mask to filter the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The BFE is expressed as the percentage of colony-forming units (cfu) that have passed via aerosol through the facemask. If a face mask consists of two or more areas with different characteristics, these areas will be tested separately., Breathability (Differential pressure) - The amount of differential pressure required to draw air through a measured surface area at a constant flow rate., Microbial cleanliness (Bioburden) - The measurement of colony forming units per gram as per EN ISO 11737-1., Biocompatibility - The medical face mask manufacturer shall complete a biocompatibility evaluation according to ISO 10993-1 as a surface device with limited contact. The applicable toxicology testing regimen shall also be determined.. In addition to the above, Type IIR masks require the following test: Splash resistance - Performed according to ISO 22609, this test determines the ability of a face mask to resist penetration of splashes of liquid at different pressures.. The lower displayed price applies to the Type II mask test package, while the higher price also includes the splash resistance test required for Type IIR masks.

Phthalates are a group of chemicals widely used as plasticizers, which make plastics more flexible and durable. They have also been used as additives in products such as cosmetics and personal care items. Several phthalates have been identified as endocrine-disrupting agents or as chemicals toxic to reproduction. Exposure to phthalates can occur through: Oral exposure Food: Exposure occurs via migration from food packaging., Children's toys: Children often put toys in their mouths.., Inhalation: Breathing in dust from vinyl flooring or fragrances (like perfumes) can cause exposure to phthalates via inhalation., Skin contact: Phthalates present in cosmetics, lotions, and soaps can be absorbed through the skin.. For other listed matrices apart from cosmetics, the analysis package covers the following substances included in the REACH Authorization List: Substance Abbreviation CAS number Diisobutyl phthalate DIBP 84-69-5 Dibutyl phthalate DBP 84-74-2 Benzyl butyl phthalate BBP 85-68-7 Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP 117-81-7 Di(n-octyl) phthalate DNOP 117-84-0 Diisononyl phthalate DINP 68515-48-0 Diisodecyl phthalate DIDP 26761-40-0 Products that contain restricted phthalates in concentrations higher than 0.1% may be removed from the market. The analysis package for cosmetic products contains the following phthalates: Substance Abbreviation CAS number Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP 117-81-7 Benzyl butyl phthalate BBP 85-68-7 Dibutyl phthalate DBP 84-74-2 Diisononyl phthalate DINP 68515-48-0 Di(n-octyl) phthalate DNOP 117-84-0 Diisodecyl phthalate DIDP 26761-40-0 All the above-mentioned substances are prohibited in cosmetic products (Annex II of Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009).

Analysis for quantifying dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) in various packaging materials (e.g. food and cosmetics packaging) and their raw materials, including plastics, paper, and rubber. Dioxins and furans are a family of chlorine-containing chemicals considered bioaccumulating, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that can be toxic even at low doses. While regulatory limits apply mainly to food and feed, packaging materials can be a source of indirect exposure to dioxins and furans. Recycled materials tend to pose relatively high risks, depending on the quality of the raw material and the effectiveness of the decontamination process. The following substances are included in the analysis: Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) 2,3,7,8-TCDD. 2,3,7,8-TCDF. 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD. 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF. 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD. 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF. 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD. 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF. 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD. 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF. 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD. 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF. OCDD. 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF. 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF. 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF. OCDF. Testing is often performed for the following reasons: Analyzing recycled PE, PP, and LDPE intended for cosmetics packaging according to CosPaTox guidelines., Analyzing paper and board bleached with elementary chlorine according to the requirements of TemaNord 2008:515 guidelines..

Standard EN 228 outlines the testing requirements and methods for gasoline quality testing. The following tests are included in the package: Standard Parameter Requirements EN ISO 5164 RON Min. 95 EN ISO 5163 MON Min. 85 EN 237 Lead content Max. 5 mg/l EN ISO 12185 Density at 15 °C 720–775 kg/m3 EN ISO 20846 Sulfur content Max. 10 mg/kg EN 16136 Manganese content Max. 2 mg/l EN ISO 7536 Oxidation stability Min. 360 minutes EN ISO 6246 Washed gum content Max. 5 mg/100ml EN ISO 2160 Copper corrosion Class 1 ASTM D4176 Appearance Bright and clear EN ISO 22854 Hydrocarbon composition Benzene max. 1 v%, aromatics max. 35 v%, olefins max. 18 v%, oxygenates* EN 13016-1 Vapor pressure at 37.8 °C (DVPE) Depends on volatility class** EN ISO 3405 Distillation characteristics Final boiling point max. 210 °C, distillation residue max. 2 v%, evaporated volumes*** * For gasoline with max. 3.7 m% of oxygen, allowed oxygenate contents are methanol 3 v%, ethanol 10 v%, iso-propanol 12 v%, iso-butanol 15 v%, tert-butanol 15 v%, ethers with five or more carbon atoms 22 v%, and other oxygenates 15 v%. For gasoline with max. 2.7 m% of oxygen, allowed oxygenate contents are methanol 3 v% and ethanol 5 v%. ** For volatility class A: 45–60 kPa, B: 45–70 kPa, C: 50–80 kPa, D: 60–90 kPa, E: 65–95 kPa, and F: 70–100 kPa *** Percentage evaporated at 70 °C (E70): winter 22–50 v%, summer 22–48 v%, at 100 °C (E100): 46–71 v%, and at 150 °C (E150): min. 75 v%

Determination of vinyl chloride [CAS: 75-01-4] content in plastics. Both the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have identified vinyl chloride as a carcinogen. According to Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 on plastic food contact materials, vinyl chloride content in the final product must not exceed 1 mg/kg. In addition, the substance has a specific migration limit of ND, which means that there must be no detectable migration into food.

Standard ISO 22196 outlines a method for evaluating the antibacterial activity of plastics and other non-porous surfaces. The procedure involves inoculating the sample with a specified concentration of bacteria, typically Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, and incubating it under controlled conditions. After incubation, the number of viable bacteria on the test surface is compared to that on an untreated control surface. The difference is quantified as a logarithmic reduction, indicating the level of antibacterial activity. This method is widely recognized as reproducible and consistent, making it a reliable tool for assessing the efficacy of antibacterial treatments in industries such as healthcare, packaging, and consumer products. The lower end of the price range applies to testing with one bacterial strain, while the higher end includes analyses with both S. aureus and E. coli.