Lignin hydroxyl group content by 31P NMR spectroscopy

This metal screening analysis includes the semi-quantitative determination of 70 elements. The method can be used, for example, to determine the background concentrations of metals in environmental samples or to study the elemental distribution of unknown samples. Screening is also often performed to assess which metals should be analyzed by a quantitative method. The measurement is performed using a high-resolution ICP-MS technique (ICP-SFMS), which can identify very low elemental concentrations. A semi-quantitative determination of the following elements is included: Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, I, Ir, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, Os, P, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Ru, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn and Zr. However, please note that some elements may not be determinable due to matrix interference. During this semi-quantitative analysis, the instrument is calibrated for about 30 elements and the rest of the analytes are quantified using sensitivity factors for calibrated elements with similar mass and first ionization potential considering isotope abundances. Quantitative analysis is also available at an additional price. During this analysis, all elements are calibrated (excluding halogens and Os). Please ask for an offer for this service.

Determination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen content of an organic sample. CHNS analysis (”LECO analysis”) is performed using a flash combustion method, where the sample is combusted under 25 kPa of O2 at an elevated temperature (1000 °C), followed by gas chromatography separation and detection using a thermal conductivity detector. Oxygen is analyzed by reduction on granulated carbon at 1480 °C, utilizing high-temperature thermal decomposition and conversion of oxygen into carbon monoxide before gas chromatography separation and detection with a thermal conductivity detector. The sample can be either solid or liquid, but water in the sample affects the results. In the case of aqueous samples, it is possible to dry the sample before analysis. The price includes two parallel measurements. The results are reported as wt-% of the initial sample. The ash, drying and dry loss measurements will increase the minimum required sample material need to 300 mg. The analysis gives the total carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen content of the material, but it does not identify any chemical structures. The measurement can be combined with other methods, such as GC-MS, 1H, and 13C NMR, to perform substance structure identification. Possible element packages: O, CHNS, and CHNOS.

Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (py-GC-MS) analysis to determine the identity of an unknown polymer sample. During the measurement, the sample is instantaneously heated in an inert atmosphere or vacuum. This causes the sample to decompose into smaller molecular fragments which are then analyzed with GC-MS. Different types of polymers can be identified by their unique decomposition products. This includes, but is not limited to: PE, PP, PS, ABS, PMMA, PET, PC, PVC, polyamides, natural & synthetic rubbers, and more. The price includes the basic preparation and analysis of the sample. More extensive sample preparation is subject to additional costs.

This analysis provides quantitative information about the crystalline and amorphous phases within your sample using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD). A standard analysis includes: Quantification of crystalline phases as weight percentages, Quantification of the total amorphous content, High-resolution powder diffraction data and the resulting diffractogram, A comprehensive test report detailing the findings. For more advanced needs, we also offer total scattering/pair distribution function (PDF) analysis to reveal the local atomic structure in amorphous or nano-structured materials.

Measurlabs offers tailor-made analysis packages for unidentified samples. Our experts will formulate the needed analysis package based on the information provided by the customer. The formulated package aims to provide sufficient information to identify the sample components and their quantities. Most typically, the following methods are used to analyze unknown substances: CHNOS elemental analysis and TGA: These methods will provide information on the sample composition, mainly if the sample is organic or inorganic and if it has one or more constituents. XRD, XRF, ICP, and IC: These methods will be used to provide more detailed qualitative and quantitative information on the inorganic constituents of the sample. 1H & 13C NMR, and GC/HPLC-MS: These methods are used to identify and quantify organic constituents. Our whole analysis catalog can be used to analyze the sample if required. Please contact our experts to start building the unknown sample analysis package designed specifically for your needs. Please also note that the stated required sample amount is the preferred amount. Analysis of smaller sample quantities can also be conducted.

High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis to determine the exact molecular masses of various compounds, ranging from small organic molecules to large biological macromolecules. High accuracy makes HRMS ideal for the identification of molecular structures. Sample requirements: Information regarding the solubility of the sample in common high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) solvents (e.g., H2O, methanol, acetonitrile) or other solvents should be provided., 0.1% formic acid is used as an additive in the test. It is essential to confirm the sample's stability in this acid., Providing the expected molecular weight of the analyte(s) and molecular structure of the sample as a ChemDraw file is beneficial.. Measurement details: Scans can be performed in both positive (+ve) and negative (-ve) ion modes., An ACQUITY RDa Detector is utilized for detection..

Lignin sample ash content measurement at 525°C. The result is expressed as a mass percentage of the ash from the initial sample on a dry matter basis.

BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) analysis to determine the specific surface area of solid materials.

Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) can be used to measure the composition of solid samples quantitatively at the surface as well as depth profiling. RBS is used for the analysis of heavy elements and can be combined with ToF-ERDA when lighter elements also need to be analyzed. Elements with similar mass can be difficult to differentiate.

Determination of perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAS) in various types of chemical samples using the LC-MS technique. We offer several analysis packages that contain selected PFAS compounds. For example, the following package can be used for most chemical samples: Abbreviation Compound CAS number PFBA perfluorobutanoic acid 375-22-4 PFPeA perfluoropentanoic acid 2706-90-3 PFHxA perfluorohexanoic acid 307-24-4 PFHpA perfluoroheptanoic acid 375-85-9 PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid 335-67-1 PFNA perfluorononanoic acid 375-95-1 PFDA perfluorodecanoic acid 335-76-2 PFUnA; PFUdA perfluoroundecanoic acid 2058-94-8 PFDoA perfluorododecanoic acid 307-55-1 PFTrDA; PFTriA perfluorotridecanoic acid 72629-94-8 PFTeA perfluorotetradecanoic acid 376-06-7 PFHxDA perfluorohexadecanoic acid 67905-19-5 PFODA perfluorooctadecanoic acid 16517-11-6 PFBS perfluorobutanesulfonic acid 375-73-5 PFPeS perfluoropentanesulfonic acid 2706-91-4 PFHxS perfluorohexanesulfonic acid 355-46-4 PFHpS perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid 375-92-8 PFOS perfluorooctanesulfonic acid 1763-23-1 PFNS Perfluorononanesulfonic acid 68259-12-1 PFDS perfluorodecanesulfonic acid 335-77-3 PFUnDS perfluoroundecanesulfonic acid 749786-16-1 PFDoS perfluorododecanesulfonic acid 79780-39-5 HFPO-DA (Gen X) 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid 13252-13-6 HFPO-TA perfluoro-2,5-dimethyl-3,6-dioxanonanoic acid 13252-14-7 DONA; ADONA 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid 919005-14-4 PFMOPrA perfluoro-3-methoxypropanoic acid 377-73-1 NFDHA perfluoro-3,6-dioxaheptanoic acid 151772-58-6 PFMOBA perfluoro-4-methoxybutanoic acid 863090-89-5 PFecHS cyclohexanesulfonic acid, 1,2,2,3,3,4,5,5,6,6-decafluoro-4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-, potassium salt (1:1) 335-24-0 3:3 FTCA 2H,2H,3H,3H-perfluorohexanoic acid 356-02-5 5:3 FTCA 2H,2H,3H,3H-perfluorooctanoic acid 914637-49-3 7:3 FTCA 2H,2H,3H,3H-perfluorodecanoic acid 812-70-4 PFEESA perfluoro(2-ethoxyethane)sulfonic acid 113507-82-7 6:2 Cl-PFESA; 9Cl-PF3ONS 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid 756426-58-1 8:2 Cl-PFESA; 11Cl-PF3OUdS 11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonic acid 763051-92-9 4:2 FTSA; 4:2 FTS 4:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid 757124-72-4 6:2 FTSA; 6:2 FTS 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid 27619-97-2 8:2 FTSA; 8:2 FTS 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid 39108-34-4 FBSA perfluorobutane sulfonamide 30334-69-1 FHxSA perfluorohexanesulfonamide 41997-13-1 FOSA perfluorooctanesulfonamide 754-91-6 MeFOSA; N-MeFOSA n-methylperfluorooctanesulfonamide 31506-32-8 EtFOSA; N-EtFOSA n-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamide 4151-50-2 MeFOSE n-methylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethanol 24448-09-7 EtFOSE n-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethanol 1691-99-2 NMeFOSAA; MeFOSAA n-methylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid 2355-31-9 NEtFOSAA; EtFOSAA n-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid 2991-50-6 FOSAA perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid 2806-24-8 10:2 FTS 10:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid 108026-35-3 Target compounds and reporting limits can vary depending on the sample matrix. Typical limits of reporting vary from 1 to 50 ng/L for liquid samples and 1 to 100 μg/kg for solid samples. Contact us with a description of your samples and analysis goals, so that we can confirm method suitability and prepare a quotation.