Elemental analysis of wastewater with ICP-OES, ICP-MS, and AFS

Simultaneous determination of the following elements in water samples with the ICP-MS technique (AFS is used for Hg): Element LOQ (µg/L) Ag 1 Al 5 As 1 B 10 Ba 0.5 Be 0.2 Ca 50 Cd 0.02 Co 0.5 Cr 0.2 Cu 1 Fe 2 Hg 0.005 K 50 Li 1 Mg 3 Mn 0.5 Mo 1 Na 30 Ni 2 P 50 Pb 0.5 Se 1 Sn 1 Ti 1 Tl 0.5 U 0.1 V 1 Zn 2 The sample is homogenized and acidified (HNO3), after which the analysis is performed from the liquid phase. The displayed price applies to natural waters (for example, river or lake water). If the sample contains a lot of solids or the matrix is otherwise significantly different from natural water (for example, wastewater and industrial water), different analysis methods need to be used, which will affect the price and the quantification limits. The concentration of each element is reported in µg/l.

ICP-OES measurement package for soil, sludge, or sediment samples. Pre-treatment of the sample with aqua regia decomposition is included in the price. The following elements are quantified using the ICP-OES technique: Element Detection limit (mg/kg d.m.) Ag 0.5 As 0.5 Ba 0.2 Be 0.01 Cd 0.4 Co 0.2 Cr 0.5 Cu 1 Fe 10 Hg 0.2 Li 1 Mn 0.5 Mo 0.4 Ni 1 P 5 Pb 1 Sb 0.5 Sn 1 Sr 0.1 Tl 0.5 V 0.1 Zn 3 The concentrations are expressed in mg/kg d.m. A nutrient measurement package for soil, sludge, or sediment samples is also available. This package includes aqua regia decomposition pretreatment and the measurement of the following elements with the ICP-OES technique: Al, B, Bi, Ca, K, Mg, Na, S, Se, Si, Te, Ti, and Zr. The analysis is also available with an express turnaround time. Ask our experts for more information.

Determination of dissolved hormones and pharmaceuticals in wastewater by UPLC-MS/MS according to ISO 21676, or by an in-house LC method. Samples must be stored and shipped below 8°C after sampling to preserve analyte stability. The analysis covers more than 150 pharmaceutical and hormone compounds, all with a typical LOQ of 0.1 µg/l. Examples include: Estriol, Ethinyl estradiol, 17β-Estradiol, Estrone, Sulfadiazine, Fenbendazole, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin. The full list of analytes is available upon request. The method is commonly applied to monitor wastewater treatment performance, assess environmental emissions of pharmaceutical residues, and support monitoring under EU water quality frameworks.

This metal screening analysis includes the semi-quantitative determination of 70 elements. The method can be used, for example, to determine the background concentrations of metals in environmental samples or to study the elemental distribution of unknown samples. Screening is also often performed to assess which metals should be analyzed by a quantitative method. The measurement is performed using a high-resolution ICP-MS technique (ICP-SFMS), which can identify very low elemental concentrations. A semi-quantitative determination of the following elements is included: Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, I, Ir, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, Os, P, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Ru, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn and Zr. However, please note that some elements may not be determinable due to matrix interference. During this semi-quantitative analysis, the instrument is calibrated for about 30 elements. The rest of the analytes are quantified using sensitivity factors for calibrated elements with similar mass and first ionization potential, considering isotope abundances. Quantitative analysis is also available at an additional price. During this analysis, all elements are calibrated (excluding halogens and Os). Please ask for an offer for this service.

Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (py-GC-MS) analysis to determine the identity of an unknown polymer sample. During the measurement, the sample is instantaneously heated in an inert atmosphere or vacuum. This causes the sample to decompose into smaller molecular fragments, which are then analyzed with GC-MS. Different types of polymers can be identified by their unique decomposition products. This includes, but is not limited to: PE, PP, PS, ABS, PMMA, PET, PC, PVC, polyamides, natural & synthetic rubbers, and more. The price includes the basic preparation and qualitative analysis of the sample. More extensive sample preparation and quantitative analyses are subject to additional costs.

Determination of bromide, fluoride, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, and sulfate (Br-, F-, Cl-, NO2-, NO3- ja SO42-) in soil, sludge, and sediment samples with ion chromatography. The analysis is carried out after a water extraction. Ask about the price for other solid matrices and aqueous matrices. Please store the samples in refrigerated conditions and in gas-sealed containers.

GC-MS analysis of 16 PAH compounds, which are listed as high-priority pollutants by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The analyzed PAH compounds are: naphthalene [CAS: 91-20-3], acenaphthylene [CAS: 208-96-8], acenaphthene [CAS: 83-32-9], fluorene [CAS: 86-73-7], phenanthrene [CAS: 85-01-8], anthracene [CAS: 120-12-7], fluoranthene [CAS: 206-44-0], pyrene [CAS: 129-00-0], benz(a)anthracene [CAS: 56-55-3], chrysene [CAS: 218-01-9], benzo(b)fluoranthene [CAS: 205-99-2], benzo(k)fluoranthene [CAS: 207-08-9], benzo (a) pyrene [CAS: 50-32-8], dibenzo(ah)anthracene [CAS: 53-70-3], benzo (ghi) perylene [CAS: 191-24-2], indeno (123cd) pyrene [CAS: 193-39-5].

Total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay can be used when estimating the presence of PFAS precursors and intermediates by oxidizing them into stable end-products. The analysis can be combined with traditional PFAS analysis methods to obtain additional information. The following are examples of compounds that can be analyzed: Abbreviation Compound CAS number PFBA perfluorobutanoic acid 375-22-4 PFPeA perfluoropentanoic acid 2706-90-3 PFHxA perfluorohexanoic acid 307-24-4 PFHpA perfluoroheptanoic acid 375-85-9 PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid 335-67-1 PFNA perfluorononanoic acid 375-95-1 PFDA perfluorodecanoic acid 335-76-2 PFUnA; PFUdA perfluoroundecanoic acid 2058-94-8 PFDoA perfluorododecanoic acid 307-55-1 PFTrDA; PFTriA perfluorotridecanoic acid 72629-94-8 PFTeA perfluorotetradecanoic acid 376-06-7 PFHxDA perfluorohexadecanoic acid 67905-19-5 PFODA perfluorooctadecanoic acid 16517-11-6 PFBS perfluorobutanesulfonic acid 375-73-5 PFPeS perfluoropentanesulfonic acid 2706-91-4 PFHxS perfluorohexanesulfonic acid 355-46-4 PFHpS perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid 375-92-8 PFOS perfluorooctanesulfonic acid 1763-23-1 PFNS Perfluorononanesulfonic acid 68259-12-1 PFDS perfluorodecanesulfonic acid 335-77-3 PFUnDS perfluoroundecanesulfonic acid 749786-16-1 PFDoS perfluorododecanesulfonic acid 79780-39-5 HFPO-DA (Gen X) 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid 13252-13-6 HFPO-TA perfluoro-2,5-dimethyl-3,6-dioxanonanoic acid 13252-14-7 DONA; ADONA 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid 919005-14-4 PFMOPrA perfluoro-3-methoxypropanoic acid 377-73-1 NFDHA perfluoro-3,6-dioxaheptanoic acid 151772-58-6 PFMOBA perfluoro-4-methoxybutanoic acid 863090-89-5 PFecHS cyclohexanesulfonic acid, 1,2,2,3,3,4,5,5,6,6-decafluoro-4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-, potassium salt (1:1) 335-24-0 3:3 FTCA 2H,2H,3H,3H-perfluorohexanoic acid 356-02-5 5:3 FTCA 2H,2H,3H,3H-perfluorooctanoic acid 914637-49-3 7:3 FTCA 2H,2H,3H,3H-perfluorodecanoic acid 812-70-4 PFEESA perfluoro(2-ethoxyethane)sulfonic acid 113507-82-7 6:2 Cl-PFESA; 9Cl-PF3ONS 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid 756426-58-1 8:2 Cl-PFESA; 11Cl-PF3OUdS 11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonic acid 763051-92-9 4:2 FTSA; 4:2 FTS 4:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid 757124-72-4 6:2 FTSA; 6:2 FTS 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid 27619-97-2 8:2 FTSA; 8:2 FTS 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid 39108-34-4 FBSA perfluorobutane sulfonamide 30334-69-1 FHxSA perfluorohexanesulfonamide 41997-13-1 FOSA perfluorooctanesulfonamide 754-91-6 MeFOSA; N-MeFOSA n-methylperfluorooctanesulfonamide 31506-32-8 EtFOSA; N-EtFOSA n-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamide 4151-50-2 MeFOSE n-methylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethanol 24448-09-7 EtFOSE n-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethanol 1691-99-2 NMeFOSAA; MeFOSAA n-methylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid 2355-31-9 NEtFOSAA; EtFOSAA n-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid 2991-50-6 FOSAA perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid 2806-24-8 10:2 FTS 10:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid 108026-35-3 The analysis is suitable for different matrices, such as water and fire-fighting foams. Contact us for more information and a quote for analyzing your samples.

The analysis determines the concentration of substances listed in Annex I to Directive (EU) 2024/3019 on urban wastewater treatment. Substances that can be very easily treated: Amisulprid (CAS: 71675-85-9), Carbamazepine (CAS: 298-46-4), Citalopram (CAS: 59729-33-8), Clarithromycin (CAS: 81103-11-9), Diclofenac (CAS: 15307-86-5), Hydrochlorothiazide (CAS: 58-93-5), Metoprolol (CAS: 37350-58-6), Venlafaxine (CAS: 93413-69-5). Substances that can be easily disposed of: Benzotriazole (CAS: 95-14-7), Candesartan (CAS: 139481-59-7), Irbesartan (CAS: 138402-11-6), 4-Methylbenzotriazole (CAS No 29878-31-7), 5-methyl-benzotriazole (CAS No 136-85-6), The sum of 4-Methylbenzotriazole & 5-methyl-benzotriazole can be reported if requested. More compounds can be added to the analysis package upon request. This analysis is intended for untreated wastewater. We also offer an analysis with the same target analytes for treated wastewater to determine how effectively the substances are removed during the treatment process. Read more about the testing requirements imposed by the new Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive here.

The measurement determines the content of dissolved silica in ultrapure water using UV-Vis spectroscopy (molybdenum heteropolyblue method). The typical detection limit is 0.7 ppb (this only applies to ultrapure water, as samples with higher impurity levels must be diluted to avoid equipment saturation, which raises the LOQ). Samples must be collected in suitable sample containers designed for ultrapure water. Measurlabs can provide the required sample vessels upon request.