GC-MS analysis

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a popular and versatile analysis technique for identifying and quantifying concentrations of organic substances. Common applications of GC-MS include quality control in the food industry, impurity screening of environmental samples, and food contact material migration testing.

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Some of our GC-MS services

Printing ink set-off testing with GC-MS

Printing ink set-off can occur on the reverse side of printed labels, lids, cups, and packaging film, either in a stack or in the reel after printing. This creates a potential for low-molecular-weight substances to transfer to the unprinted surface of the packaging that makes contact with the packed contents. We offer two food simulant options for set-off testing: Ethanol solution for plastic and polymer-coated materials, Simulant E (Tenax) for the above and paper and board. The price includes a simple risk assessment based on the Swiss Ordinance for printing inks (SR 817.023.21), EU regulations for food contact materials, and EFSA's Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) approach. More extensive risk assessment is available upon request.
591–696 €
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Specific migration testing – 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene

EN 13130-1
Determination of the specific migration of 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene [CAS: 182121-12-6 ] from a plastic material intended for food contact. The substance is listed under FCM No. 779 and Ref No. 39815 in European Commission Regulation No 10/2011. The specific migration limit (SML) is 0.05 mg/kg of food. 9,​9-​bis(methoxymethyl)​​fluorene is used in the preparation of polypropylene by heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts.
478 €
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Pesticide residue screening (extensive package)

EN 15662
Screening of pesticide residues from various matrices, including food, feed, and dietary supplements. Pesticides are extracted using acetonitrile according to the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method and analyzed using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. A list of the tested compounds (500+) is available upon request. Pesticides are used to protect plants and plant products from the effects of harmful organisms. However, these substances can be present as toxic residues in treated plant products, animals feeding on those products, and honey produced by bees exposed to pesticides. Compliance can be evaluated using Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 as a safety reference.
250 €
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1,3-DCP and 3-MCPD in aqueous extract of paper and board

Epichlorohydrin is a highly reactive electrophilic compound used to produce glycerol, plastics, epoxy glues and resins, epoxy diluents, and elastomers. The compound is included under 'Sizing agents' in the positive list of the BfR XXXVI recommendation on paper and board food contact materials. The hydrolysis products of epichlorohydrin are controlled as follows: 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol [1,3-DCP, CAS 96-23-1] must not be detectable in the water extract of the finished product (detection limit 2 µg/l). , The transfer of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol [3-MCPD CAS 96-24-2] into the water extract of the finished products must be as low as technically achievable, and a limit of 12 µg/l must not be exceeded in any case..
375 €
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Specific migration testing – acetaldehyde

EN 13130-1
Specific migration of acetaldehyde [CAS: 75-07-0] from a plastic food contact material. Acetaldehyde is listed as FCM 128 with Ref No. 10060 in European Commission Regulation No 10/2011. Migration into food must not exceed the specific migration limit (SML) of 6 mg/kg.
302 €
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Chemical characterization of medical devices by ISO 10993-18

ISO 10993-18
Chemical characterization by the ISO 10993-18 standard is performed to identify the constituents of a medical device and to estimate and control the risks associated with its chemical composition. The test is a key part of assessing the biocompatibility of medical devices. Chemical characterization includes the estimation of substances released under simulated or exaggerated laboratory conditions (extractables) or the detection of actually released substances (leachables) by the medical device during clinical use. Applicable methods may include HS-GC (volatile organic compounds), GC-MS (semi-volatile organic compounds), LC-MS (non-volatile organic compounds), and ICP-MS (inorganic elements). Suitable tests, solvents, and analysis methods are chosen according to the device's composition, intended contact time, and site. We provide a range of chemical characterization tests based on the market area (MDR, FDA) and quality requirements (GLP). The tests are always customized for the product. Any chemicals detected above the concentrations established to be safe require further evaluation, typically through a toxicological risk assessment (ISO 10993-17). The starting price is based on the chemical characterization of volatile organic compounds (GLP, FDA).
5,200 €
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Specific migration testing – C16-C18 dialkylketones (DAKs) of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD)

Specific migration of dialkyl ketones (DAKs) that originate from alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) hydrophobic sizing agent of paper and board. According to BfR XXXVI recommendation, the limitation for the migration of AKD DAKs is 5 mg/kg of food or food simulant.
283 €
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Pentachlorophenol (PCP) content in paper and board

DIN 53313, ISO 15320
Pentachlorophenol (PCP, CAS 87-86-5) is a compound that is used as a pesticide and a wood preservative. It is listed as a persistent organic pollutant in Annex I of the EU POPs Regulation, and must therefore not be used in products and materials. This analysis is used to determine the pentachlorophenol content in pulp, paper, or board. Though the test was developed for food contact materials, it applies to all kinds of pulp, paper, and board.
287 €
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Prices excluding VAT.

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  • Personal service from method experts
  • Competitive prices
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What is GC-MS used for?

GC-MS and its high-sensitivity version, GC-MS/MS, are commonly used to screen different types of samples for volatile and semi-volatile organic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), phthalates, and pesticides. Applications for which Measurlabs offers GC-MS analyses include the following:

As GC-MS is an exceptionally versatile method, the above are just some examples of popular applications. Do not hesitate to contact us to discuss your analysis needs.

How does the method work?

In GC-MS, the sample is first vaporized and injected into a gas chromatography (GC) column that is coated with a stationary phase. The column is heated, and an inert gas (the mobile phase) carries the sample through it. Compounds with distinct boiling points and polarities interact with the stationary phase in different ways, which leads to their separation and elution from the column at different retention times (RT).

The separated compounds are transferred to a mass spectrometer (MS), where they are ionized and fragmented. The ions are further separated based on their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios using a magnetic or electronic field. As a result, a mass spectrum, with peaks corresponding to different compounds, is generated. By comparing the data on retention time and (m/z) ratios to existing standards, it is possible to identify and quantify compounds present in the sample.

GC-MS diagram
A simplified diagram of a GC-MS setup.

Suitable samples for GC-MS

GC-MS is well suited for detecting various types of molecules in a wide variety of sample matrices. A requirement for GC-MS analysis is that the compounds in the sample are volatile or semi-volatile so that they can be separated from each other with a gas chromatograph and identified by a mass spectrometer. Many gaseous, liquid, and solid samples are suitable for GC-MS analysis without significant pretreatment. However, the analysis of complex samples or very small sample amounts may require more preparation.

Sample preparation

Gases and very easily volatile samples can be analyzed by collecting the substances of interest with the help of solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Then the compounds can be released into the gas chromatograph for analysis. Low-volatility compounds can be made more volatile through derivatization, where a chemical group, such as methyl or silyl, is attached to the target compound to lower its boiling point.

To examine samples that contain significant amounts of non-volatile matter, a headspace (HS) autosampler can be used. The sampler dispenses gas into the gas chromatograph from the top of the actual test sample, making it possible to analyze volatile compounds originating from non-volatile samples, such as soil or construction materials.

Yet another option is to apply the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method to complex matrices to simplify sample extraction and cleanup. The method is most commonly used to analyze pesticide residues and mycotoxins in food industry samples.

The analysis can also be started with pyrolysis, i.e. breaking the sample through exposure to heat. The resulting py-GC-MS analysis is well-suited for analyzing polymeric materials, lignin, and other complex sample types. A GC-MS setup may also be connected to a thermogravimetric analyzer to analyze the evolved gases that are formed when the sample is heated.

Need an analysis?

Measurlabs offers a comprehensive selection of purity and composition analyses using GC-MS and related methods, such as GC-ECD and GC-FID. Whether it’s just a dozen or up to hundreds of samples, we offer competitive pricing and deliver reliable results quickly. Should you need assistance with method selection, our testing experts are always here to help craft testing plans and offer their best recommendations. Contact us through the form below to get a quote and start the discussion.

Suitable sample matrices

  • Unknown organic materials
  • Pure chemicals and different mixtures
  • Food and beverage
  • Fuels, oils and lubricants
  • Environmental samples

Ideal uses of GC-MS

  • Analysis of unknown organic compounds and mixtures
  • Food and beverage safety testing to identify harmful compounds and determine their concentrations
  • Compositional analysis of oils, fuels, and lubricants, e.g. PAH analysis
  • Environmental tests, such as impurity screening of air, water, and soil samples

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Answering the following questions helps us prepare an offer for you faster:

  • How many samples do you have and what is the sample material?
  • Do you have a recurring need for these tests? If yes, how often and for how many samples at a time?

Have questions or need help? Email us at or call our sales team.

Frequently asked questions

What is GC-MS commonly used for?

GC-MS is most commonly used for separating and identifying different compounds from a complex mixture of substances as well as determining their quantities. GC-MS can be used, for instance, to screen food products for toxins or to determine the amount of volatile organic compounds in natural gases. The method can also be used to test petroleum products in the oil refining industry to find PAHs and to perform environmental tests on water, soil, and air samples to detect POPs and other contaminants.

When the compounds contained in the sample are known and only their concentrations are to be determined, gas chromatography alone is sufficient to obtain the results. However, if the composition of the sample is unknown, mass spectrometry is needed to identify the compounds. In this case, GC-MS should be used.

What are the limitations of GC-MS analysis?

The compounds that are examined must be volatile or semi-volatile for gas chromatography to work. The sample matrix must be free of non-volatile substances, or a suitable method must be used to prevent the non-volatile matter from entering the gas chromatograph (HS-GC-MS, TD-GC-MS, SPME-GC-MS, or similar).

Liquid chromatography methods (HPLC-MS, HPLC-DAD) can be used to identify non-volatile substances that are not suited for GC-MS analysis.

What kinds of samples can be analysed using GC-MS?

GC-MS is a suitable method for analyzing gaseous, liquid, and solid samples. Gaseous and solid samples, as well as liquid samples containing non-volatile matter, require pretreatment and/or the use of a special autosampler prior to the analysis. Very complex samples containing many different substances can be analyzed with this method combination, but they must first be separated from possible non-volatiles, such as dirt.

What is Measurlabs?

Measurlabs offers a variety of laboratory analyses for product developers and quality managers. We perform some of the analyses in our own lab, but mostly we outsource them to carefully selected partner laboratories. This way we can send each sample to the lab that is best suited for the purpose, and offer high-quality analyses with more than a thousand different methods to our clients.

How does the service work?

When you contact us through our contact form or by email, one of our specialists will take ownership of your case and answer your query. You get an offer with all the necessary details about the analysis, and can send your samples to the indicated address. We will then take care of sending your samples to the correct laboratories and write a clear report on the results for you.

How do I send my samples?

Samples are usually delivered to our laboratory via courier. Contact us for further details before sending samples.