Zeta potential analysis
Zeta potential, also known as electrokinetic potential, is the difference of the electric potential in the double interface between the surface of a particle and a liquid medium. Zeta potential is used to estimate the stability of colloidal dispersions, which are widely used in various industries, from pharmaceuticals and food to electronics and mineral processing.
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What is zeta potential measurement used for?
Zeta potential measurement can be used to evaluate the stability of colloidal dispersions. Typically, low zeta potential indicates instability - aggregation, coagulation, or flocculation of the particles. Conversely, high zeta potential indicates relative stability, as the particles are unlikely to agglomerate.
What is the zeta potential?
The functional groups on a particle surface will react with the surrounding liquid, which results in a surface charge of the particle. This charge attracts the accumulation of oppositely charged ions and forms a so-called electronic double layer (DL, EDL). The zeta potential is the difference between the dispersion liquid and the DL attached to the particle.
How is it measured?
Electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) is used to measure the electrophoretic mobility of the particles in solutions. The solution is introduced into a cell equipped with electrodes towards which the particles will move more or less rapidly depending on their charge. The mobility is then measured by laser Doppler and converted into zeta potential for direct comparison of materials.
Several factors, including pH, buffer concentration, temperature, and ionic strength, can influence zeta potential.
Suitable sample matrices
- Nanoparticles
- Pharmaceuticals
- Colloids
- Polymers
- Emulsions
Ideal uses of zeta potential analysis
- Determination of the electrokinetic potential of dispersed particles
- Evaluating the stability of colloidal dispersions
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Frequently asked questions
The analysis is used to determine the zeta potential of particles that are dispersed in a liquid medium. This will help evaluate the stability of the particles.
Samples can be in a wet or dry state, since samples are dissolved in liquid media prior to analysis.